Enhanced Labs meticulously combined nature's carb converters and glucose regulators in each Slin pill. This revolutionary approach formed the best nutrient partitioner, which efficiently delivers carbs to muscles. Never again will cheat meals compromise your gains but instead shuttle it all in your muscle for maximum growth.<\/p>\r\n
SUPPLEMENT FACTS<\/p>\r\n
4 Capsules :<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>\r\n
ELIMINATING FEAR OF CARBS & OPTIMIZING MUSCLE GROWTH<\/p>\r\n
EFFICIENT CARB UTILIZATION<\/p>\r\n
SLIN directs carbohydrates into muscle cells for energy production, preventing them from being stored as fat.<\/p>\r\n
INCREASED MUSCLE FUELING<\/p>\r\n
By effectively utilizing insulin, SLIN helps transport carbohydrates directly into muscles, providing a reliable source of fuel for intense workouts.<\/p>\r\n
IMPROVED ENERGY LEVELS<\/p>\r\n
SLIN helps stabilize blood sugar levels, reducing energy fluctuations and providing sustained energy throughout any physical activity.<\/p>\r\n
INSULIN MIMETIC<\/p>\r\n
Functioning as an insulin mimetic, it optimizes the intake of glucose and amino acids by your muscle cells, providing a powerful energy boost for workouts and fostering muscle growth.<\/p>\r\n
Advance Nutrient Partitioner
Slin is designed to help your body optimize nutrient utilization. This means your body may be able to absorb and use nutrients from your meals more effectively, potentially leading to improved muscle growth and a reduced chance of excess fat storage.<\/p>\r\n
IMPROVES MUSCLE INSULIN SENSITIVITY<\/p>\r\n
Improves Carb Absorption
Enhances your body’s natural glucose uptake ability, allowing for a steady stream of glucose from your bloodstream to your muscle cells for energy.<\/p>\r\n
Leveled Sugar
Balances your blood sugar levels for consistent energy throughout the day, preventing crashes and spikes.<\/p>\r\n
WEIGHT MANAGEMENT COMPLEX<\/p>\r\n
Appetite Control
African Mango Extract, Fenugreek and Fucoxanthin can promote a feeling of fullness, leading to reduced hunger and a more balanced relationship with your appetite.<\/p>\r\n
NUTRIENT PARTITIONERS<\/p>\r\n
Muscle-Building Fuel
Leverage your nutrition by strategically directing your meals, even on carb-heavy days, to optimize energy utilization. This empowers you to tackle the most demanding physical activities with ease.<\/p>\r\n
Stress Fighters
Eliminate oxidative stress and fuel your body with essential nutrients to optimize recovery and bolster your resilience to stress.<\/p>\r\n
SUGGESTED USE<\/p>\r\n
Take 4 capsules 1-2x daily with your highest carb meals to effectively partition carbohydrates into the muscle and away from fat storage.<\/p>","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/slin-twin_1723755812-0.jpg"],"brand":"Enhanced Labs","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/34400\/enhanced-slin-glucose-disposal-carbs-into-muscle.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"69.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/34400\/enhanced-slin-glucose-disposal-carbs-into-muscle.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Enhanced TOP T Testosterone Booster - 2 x 120 Capsule Bottles TWINPACK","sku":"ENH202","description":"
Top T
Advance & Potent Testosterone Booster
We've evolved. Experience the power of a new generation of premium testosterone boosters, cutting-edge estrogen regulators, vitamins, minerals, and proprietary blends designed for the ultimate hormonal advantage.<\/p>\r\n
Dominate Your Limits: The Top T Evolution<\/p> \r\n
Top T isn't just a successor to Black Ox; it's an evolution. Our team analyzed your feedback and took the best aspects of those popular formulas, elevating them with cutting-edge ingredients like DHEA,EndoFlo™ blend, and clinically-proven ProtoTest™. Experience the next generation of testosterone support designed to exceed your expectations.<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>\r\n
Full Spectrum T-Boost Formula
Our premium, science-based formula delivers the most comprehensive testosterone optimization on the market.<\/p>\r\n
SUPPLEMENT FACTS<\/p>\r\n
Serving size: 4 capsules<\/p>\r\n
Servings per container: 30<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>","gtin12":"850058909134","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/enhanced-topt2_1724098272-0.jpg","https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/enhanced-top-t_1723669244-0.jpg"],"brand":"Enhanced Labs","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/34409\/enhanced-top-t-testosterone-booster-2-x-120-cap.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"95.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/34409\/enhanced-top-t-testosterone-booster-2-x-120-cap.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"EPG Arimestage PCT 50 - 2 x 60 Capsule Bottles TWINPACK","sku":"EPG208","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/epg208_1751923238-0.jpg","https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/epg08-label_1751923058-0.jpg"],"brand":"EPG Extreme Products","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/35570\/epg-arimestage-pct-50-2-x-60-capsule-bottles.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"59.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/35570\/epg-arimestage-pct-50-2-x-60-capsule-bottles.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"EPG Oxy Xtreme - 2 x 60 Capsule Bottles TWINPACK","sku":"EPG27","description":"
Stop wasting your money on those nasty energy drinks, and ineffective energy shots. Take a product that isn’t overloaded with caffeine, contains no chemicals and promotes a positive, creative energy with fat burning properties.<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>\r\n
FDA: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.<\/p>","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/oxy-xtr2_1687805498-0.jpg"],"brand":"EPG Extreme Products","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/18423\/epg-oxy-xtreme-twinpack-2-x-60-cap-bottles.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"39.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/18423\/epg-oxy-xtreme-twinpack-2-x-60-cap-bottles.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"EPG Testoshred Boost TWINPACK - 2 x 120 Capsules Bottles","sku":"EPG204","description":"
TESTOSHRED is a combination of 3 well known natural testosterone boosters along with the strongest estrogen burning, body shredding ingredient reserved for only hardcore bodybuilders and athletes.<\/p>
Building an awesome testosterone product is like building a \"killer body\"! You have to build it using a combination of highly effective ingredients that work synergistically TO BLOW AWAY THOSE BORING OLD DAA PRODUCTS.<\/p>
First you start with a common base: D-Aspartic Acid (DAA). D-Aspartic Acid is a natural testosterone-boosting powerhouse that has been shown to significantly increase TESTOSTERONE levels while promoting strength, energy levels, and healthy sex drive. D-aspartic acid reacts within the brain to release the luteinizing hormone, or LH. LH then travels to the testicles where it enters the specialized cells, or Leydig cells, which have the function of creating testosterone.<\/p>
Then add a Herculean testosterone enhancer! Tribulus Terrestris stimulates the body's production of the luteinizing hormone, which promotes the production of testosterone: the key male hormone responsible for helping to add lean body mass, increases in metabolism, strength, muscle size, density, and fat loss. This ingredient is also helpful in lessening symptoms of angina and enhancing athletic performance, all while supporting sexual health, and a general feeling of overall well-being.<\/p>
Athletes take Tribulus Terrestris to ensure natural levels of testosterone are at a normal level at all times \u2013 especially during times of heavy training.<\/p>
Combined with an aphrodisiac from South Eastern Africa - Bulbine is an herb from South Eastern Africa that has traditionally been used as an aphrodisiac and shown to not only increase testosterone, and reduce estrogen...but also capable of boosting libido and sexual performance! Users in a control group experienced NATURAL testosterone levels boosted by up to 347% - while reducing estrogen levels by 35%! In terms of libido, Bulbine Natalensis outperformed Viagra for both libido enhancing and pro-sexual effects.<\/p>
Then add the ultimate test booster with the shredding, hardening effects of Arimistane (Androst 3,5-diene-7,17-dione). Arimistane improves vascularity with its drying out and hardening effects. It\u2019s a potent compound that is very effective for boosting testosterone and decreasing estrogen levels at the same time. It elevates the users natural myotropic state that helps you: Build Lean Muscle Mass - Burn And Reduce Fat Storage Leading To More Muscle Mass - Better Recovery and Increased Libido!<\/p>","gtin12":"638936150225","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/epg-testoshred-boost-twin_1736-0.jpg"],"brand":"EPG Extreme Products","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/28296\/epg-testoshred-boost-twinpack-2-x-120-cap-btls.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"55.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/28296\/epg-testoshred-boost-twinpack-2-x-120-cap-btls.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/OutOfStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"EvoMuse Abliterate AMMO - 2 x 60 Capsule Bottles TWINPACK","sku":"EM2052","description":"
Abliderate AMMO Let\u2019s face it : the modern world sucks. Overstressed, overstimulated, and SO over it. A person can only take so much.<\/p>
Abliderate AMMO was so cleverly named because its primary target is dominantly the Abdominal area, notably Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT).<\/p>
What is VAT? Well, an easy way to tell if you have a VAT problem is to put your hand on your abs and try to pull them in. Now, subcutaneous fat is the jiggly sufacen fat that on the outside of the abdominal wall that you can pinch. It is stubborn, harder to burn, and reacts mostly to lipolytics (see the Eviscerate series to best target that kind of fat.) Now, when you try to pull your abs in, if you can\u2019t pull them in very far, and your waist is still a bit larger than you want, with your abs protruding, you likely have a problem with VAT. Most people do. People that live in modern society anyway.<\/p>
VAT is adipose (fat) that accumulates and surrounds your organs. It pushes out against your abdominal wall, increasing waist circumference and making you look more obese than you probably are. It is also deadly, causing most of the problems seen in the obese. It\u2019s mostly caused by a stress hormone called Cortisol, which is a destructive form of Cortisone (the hormone that makes your joints feel nice and smooth) that causes excess inflammation, muscle loss (catabolism), etc. The enzyme that causes cortison to convert to cortisol is called 11b Hydroxy Steroid Dehydrogenase (11b-HSD). Of the two \u201ctypes\u201d of this enzyme, type 1 is secreted by your fat cells in response to stress and alcohol intake. Yep...that protruding beer belly that is hard to the touch? That\u2019s why.<\/p>
The good news? WE can easily suppress 11b-HSD, and once we do, VAT disappears very quickly as do the hyper-inflammatory adipokines. Something to remember, inflamed adipose tissue is resistant to normal metabolic processes and harder to burn. Now when I say quickly, provided you are making even the most basic attempt at burning, you should notice pretty dramatic effects within a week.<\/p>
Abliderate AMMO is by far the most supreme VAT burning formula on the market.<\/p>
Emodin-Cyclodextrin Complex<\/p>
Emodin is an extemely potent and diverse compound. Its properties are widespread, and potent, but we\u2019ll only be covering a few.<\/p>
Emodin\u2019s primary interest for us is its extremely potent 11b-HSD inhibiting properties, with an IC-50 (average dose to inhibit the enzyme to 50%) in the nanomolar range. This is usually in single digit milligram numbers, depending on the molecular weight. Emodin has pretty dismal oral absorption, so both the Cyclodextrin compex and the higher dosage ensures potency.<\/p>
https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20718744\/<\/p>
Emodin also inhibits a form of Micro-RNA (miR-20) that modulates the central nervous system, and the related central fatigue and cortisol responses. As well, miR-20 inhibition restores glucose and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, and allows SMAD7 (see the upcoming Slintensity writeup) to bolster differentiation of L6 myotubes to form new muscle cells\/fibers.<\/p>
Finally, Emodin also reigns in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell infiltration in the heart and surrounding vascular system to help control some cardiac diseases.<\/p>
Magnolia (Magnolol and Honokiol) is another widely functional ingredient. In addition to inhibiting 11b-HSD<\/p>
https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8051615\/<\/p>
Magnolia helps to inhibit the Aromatase enzyme, which robs us of our precious Testosterone and converting it into Estrogen. As well, the reduced Cortisol also helps to boost Testosterone. SPOILER: We like this.<\/p>
Finally, Magnolia does something extraordinary to the Acetylcholine system of the brain (the acetyl groupn being something called an \u201cester\u201d). Magnolia not only reduces an enzyme called Acetylcholine Esterase (removes the esters), but boosts something called Acetylcholine Transferase, an enzyme that actually makes more Acetylcholine in the brain.<\/p>
EK shares the starring role in this formula with Emodin. Besides also inhibiting 11b-HSD in nanomolar concentrations (while being MUCH cheaper than Emodin)<\/p>
it is an incredible anti-inflammatory in Adipose tissue (subcutaneous and visceral). Inflamed fat cells are extremely resistant to lipolysis, and makes losing fat especially hard, as anyone with chronic obesity will tell you. Let them test out AMMO and they will see. Normalization of adipokines will allow the body to return to a more healthy state quickly.<\/p>
Commonly known as Bitter Melon, chances are you\u2019ve seen this in other formulas. Normally used in Glucose Disposal Agents, it has many more functions we are tapping.<\/p>
MC helps significantly to reduce post exercise HPA stress (which contributes to overtraining and CNS fatigue) and reduces markers of stress in skeletal muscle. Less stress, quicker recovery<\/p>
MC also does significant reduction of BRAIN Cortisol levels, which again reduces HPA stress, improves mood, and reduces overall stress reactions<\/p>
Finally we have ourselves an outlier function. You will read more about this when I release \u201cCRIT\u201d. MC has been show to reduce blood viscosity. By slightly thinning the blood, you reduce strain on the heart and vascular system.<\/p>
Galangin is primarily found in the Alpinia Galangia herb, but is also strangely one of they key compounds found in Bee Propolis.<\/p>
Galangin has been found to alleviate Lipid Dysregulation and inflammation, and appears to be more potent than Metformin.<\/p>
While doing this, Galangin is surprisingly potent at inhibiting preadipocyte differentiation into mature adipocytes (lipogenesis and adipogenesis)<\/p>
The final major ingredient is PhophatydilSerine. You will also read about this powerhouse in the CRIT writeup. As an essential component of every single cell membrane in the human body, PS not only helps membrane-bound receptors to function more smoothly, but reduces cortisol via a bit of a vague mechanism (an increases that beautiful Test:Cort ratio). It is highly active in the brain where it reduces stress on the HPA, improving mood and concentration and blunting CNS overtraining.<\/p>
The last 2 ingredients, Zinc Gluconate and Vitamin C, both reduce cortisol but not at the powerhouse level, and reduce pro-oxidants and inflammation.<\/p>
We are constantly bombarded by stress \u2013 some thrust upon us, some self-induced such as alcohol. Things are difficult enough keeping our bodies not only healthy, but attractive. Abliderate AMMO is extremely potent at reducing Cortisol, thus targeting that center mass fat we all hate, and keeping the stress from overwhelming our brains and bodies. Results are extremely quick.<\/p>
Abliderate AMMO : Targeting Center Mass<\/p>","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/ammo-twin_1675135884-0.jpg"],"brand":"EvoMuse","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32810\/evomuse-abliterate-ammo-60-cap.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"68.79","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32810\/evomuse-abliterate-ammo-60-cap.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/OutOfStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"EvoMuse BMP Enhanced Formula - 2 x 120 Capsule Bottles TWINPACK *New Formula","sku":"EM2025","description":"
BMP 2023 | Body Modify: Phenotype<\/p> \r\n
\"Nature...uh...finds a way.\" ~ Ian Malcolm<\/p>\r\n
Dinosaurs. Massive eating machines. Strong. Savage. And Extinct.<\/p>\r\n
Though we still don't know exactly what happened, generally we can zero in on a major factor. When you are a huge, muscled beast you require a LOT of resources just to maintain, not to mention grow. Remove or reduce the resources and suddenly that gigantic physique becomes a liability.<\/p>\r\n
And what survived? What came to dominate next? Initially it was the scurrying, furry little mammals. Small, quick, and able to maintain on very little. Though again they started to trend massive, culminating with mammoths, giant cave bears, huge prehistoric rhinos, and saber-toothed cats - they eventually also disappeared.<\/p>\r\n
By my speculation, Nature is pretty badass at controlling for efficiency, and has developed biological mechanisms to both grow and restrict that growth. The bigger you are, the more resources you consume - so let's put a governing mechanism on how big you can get.<\/p>\r\n
In humans, and other mammals, we have multiple pathways to trigger growth. As well, we have multiple pathways to restrict, and even reverse, that same growth. Think of it like a biological Overton Window.<\/p>\r\n
Quite a while back I was walking through downtown Columbus and watching the erection of some tallish buildings, the hardened steel structure resembling a skeleton - everything else built upon that. It got me thinking about the human body. Bone, once thought to be nothing but a stiff dead mineral structure, began to reveal itself as a dynamic organ system, sending and receiving signals from the environment and changing accordingly. Endocrine signals coming and going, making sure our bodies were dialed in to efficient survival. That is where my research began, and what I eventually found confirmed I was in the right place.<\/p>\r\n
BMP\/TGF-b1\/SMAD<\/p>\r\n
The TGF-b1 superfamily of signaling molecules expands as Transforming Growth Factor, and that is what most of this class does – Transforms. Stem cells or satellite cells into fully differentiated cells like Muscle, Bone and Adipose. Then can also transform into destructive type cells like osteoclasts, which leech calcium from bones and dump it into the bloodstream.<\/p>\r\n
As well, Myostatin and the Activins function to limit, and sometimes reverse, tissue growth – reverting our beloved anabolism into catabolism. In some tissues, like the heart, this is essential to maintaining health by making sure the heart doesn’t enlarge, but it certainly does frustrate our desire to be muscular beasts.<\/p>\r\n
BMP<\/p>\r\n
BMP, for the sake of our new groundbreaking formula, stands for Body Modify: Phenotype.<\/p>\r\n
For the sake of the physiology it happens to be targeting, it stands for Bone Morphogenetic Protein. Thought initially to simply affect bone turnover, within the last 15 years or so it has been traced to be one of the major master control pathways that control other things - like muscle mass and joint health. There are quite a few BMPs, some of which we still know very little about, but for our updated formula you should be familiar with the 3 types.<\/p>\r\n
BMP 2, 4, and 7<\/p>\r\n
BMP2
BMP2 plays a major role in bone and cartilage formation, as well as osteoblast differentiation. Differentiation is an important point here, as will be discussed below. BMP2 is the secondary, but no less important, target of this formula, with BMP7 being the primary target.<\/p>\r\n
BMP4<\/p> \r\n
BMP4, while still important, is comparatively our lowest priority of the three for targeting muscle growth. Like the other BMPs it is involved in bone and cartilage development, although more specifically for teeth and limbs, as well as being a key player during embryonic development.<\/p>\r\n
BMP7
BMP7 is our priority target for muscle growth. It is a major player in osteoblast differentiation as well as the induction of SMAD 1\/5\/8 (see below).<\/p>\r\n
Now, going back to MyoStatin since it is most familiar to most of you (you’ve all seen the bulls and dogs with the deleted Myostatin gene and how huge and muscular they are), we also throw in Activins and Atrogin-1, the primary catabolic signals. These signals all seem to converge on SMADs.<\/p>\r\n
SMADs are the molecules that actually communicate the signals deep into the nucleus to trigger our desireable (and undesireable) effects. SMAD 1\/5\/8, activated by BMP 2, 4, and 7, meet up with SMAD4, which is an escort molecule, to travel to the nucleus. Myostatin, and other catabolic proteins, activate SMAD2\/3 which ALSO require SMAD4, and thereby compete with SMAD 1\/5\/8 for dominance. While the SMADs activated by BMP 2, 4, and 7 usually dominate, the nature of the competition (and partiular environment – like starvation and sleep) can sometimes give the checkered flag to SMAD2\/3.<\/p>\r\n
So what we have so far:<\/p>\r\n
•BMP signaling is the fundamental signal for hypertrophy<\/p>\r\n
•Inhibiting BMP signaling causes atrophy, abolishes Myostatin deficient mice from gaining the enormous amount of muscle they normally do, and increases the negative effect from fasting<\/p>\r\n
•BMP plays a critical role in adult muscle growth<\/p>\r\n
Before getting into the meat of the product, let’s do 2 things. Cover SMAD7 quickly, and do a summary.<\/p>\r\n
SMAD7 used to be thought of as a suppressive SMAD, and some studies still indicate functionality there – but it appears to both suppress MyoStatin as well as undesirable inflammatory cytokines. But SMAD7 is also becoming one of the main inducers of new muscle cell differentiation (cellular division of muscle cells rather than drawing from stem cells). This elusive process is highly sought after in terms of muscle strength and size. So what are we doing here with BMP, as a product?<\/p>\r\n
We are increasing expression of BMP 2\/4\/7 to trigger stem cell differentiation into new bone, connective tissue, and muscle, denying (closing off) their differentiation into destructive cell types or even plain old ugly adipose.<\/p>\r\n
We are increasing expression of SMAD7 to cause muscle cell division and differentiation, making the muscles bigger and stronger.<\/p>\r\n
We are suppressing SMAD2\/3 (basically short circuiting Myostatin and Activins at their final step) thus not only blocking catabolism, but enhancing the availability of SMAD4 to complex with SMAD 1\/5\/8 to amplify the effects. This is the major upgrade to this version.<\/p>\r\n
Let’s get to those ingredients, if you’re still awake.<\/p>\r\n
Kaempferol Cyclodextrin<\/p>\r\n
Kaempferol is a flavanol found in a variety of plants. The Hydroxypropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin has been added to increase bioavailability due to poor water solubility. In the past Kaempferol has been shown to increase cellular energy expenditure and enhance thyroid function which has landed it a spot in several fat burning formulas, however it has been included in this formula for an entirely different reason.<\/p>\r\n
Kaempferol appears to have quite a strong effect on bone anabolism, and has been called a “promising agent for the prevention or treatment of bone loss”. A 2013 in vitro study demonstrated that Kaempferol enhanced the expression of chondrogenic marker genes, and greatly increased expression of BMP2. In addition to increasing BMP2, it has also been shown to increase the number of BMP2 receptors in animals. More BMP and more places to dock, that’s a solid combo.<\/p>\r\n
Kaempferol also potently activates our BMP7, leading to increased muscle (an important addition here is prevention of fibrosis). Fibrosis (think scar tissue) is the process of converting healthy, functioning tissue into slabs of dysfunctional useless tissue. This is particularly insidious in organs like the kidneys, and in the spongy tissue of the penis, causing major (and previously thought to be permanent) erectile dysfunction.<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32115512<\/p>\r\n
Phytic Acid<\/p>\r\n
This was a controversial addition to the last version that had people asking questions. A component of seeds, nuts, and grains, PA can interfere with the absorption of some minerals. However, it has an astounding absorption boosting property for Kaempferol (and Quercetin...see below) and was well worth the inclusion.<\/p>\r\n
Salidroside<\/p>\r\n
Salidroside is an extremely interesting glucoside found in Rhodiola Rosea, which boasts numerous studies demonstrating a wide range of health benefits. Two very recent studies looked at the effect of Salidroside on bone anabolism. In the first study, they found that Salidroside increased the mRNA level of genes controlling the BMP pathway. It elevated BMP2 and BMP7 as well as SMAD 1\/5\/8 (SMAD 6\/7 are the inhibitory ones we don’t want to activate).<\/p>\r\n
The second study, carried out by different researchers, confirmed the increased phosphorylation and expression of SMAD 1\/5\/8. Then to be sure this was mediated by BMP, they added in a BMP antagonist to block the signaling pathway. As suspected, this attenuated the effect, demonstrating that BMP was indeed the target of Salidroside.<\/p>\r\n
For the new BMP formula, you might have noticed that we slightly reduced the dosage of Salidroside over the old version, finding that we can still get the same benefit with a lower dose and therefore allowing the addition of new ingredients while still making the formula just as cost-effective for the user.<\/p>\r\n
Osthole Cyclodextrin<\/p>\r\n
Found in Cnidium monnieri and a few other plants, Osthole is classified as a coumarin. It has been used in supplement form for liver health, cognitive enhancement and vasodilation. Research shows it can activate AMPK and ACC, regulate blood glucose and GLUT4 activity, and decrease liver fat. One study even demonstrated that in mice a high dose of Osthole had an androgenic effect and boosted LH and testosterone levels.<\/p>\r\n
All these things are nice, but what about BMP? Fear not, Osthole has been shown to activate Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling, increase BMP2 expression, and stimulate mesenchymal stem cells differentiation (MSC) to osteoblasts. Early phase differentiation involves BMP2, SMAD 1\/5\/8, RUNX2, and p38, whereas later phase differentiation involves ERK 1\/2. Osthole has been shown to enhance both phases, it sticks around until the job is done.<\/p>\r\n
Ligusticum Wallichii Extract (98% ligustrazine)<\/p>\r\n
Isolated from the fermented food Natto, LWE is an interesting compound with well-known anti-inflammatory and nootropic properties. More importantly, however, LWE has recently been shown to significantly elevate BMP7. LWE also favorably works the anabolic bone and muscle signaling pathway by activating something called the SERCA pump, which brings extracellular calcium back into the cell so it can be reused.<\/p>\r\n
To determine the anabolic and\/or anti-catabolic ability of a compound, scientists will often use methods such as denervation (cutting off or inhibiting nerve supply to a muscle), or suspension of a muscle (making it weightless). These methods basically make the brain forget these muscles exist, so they tend to atrophy quite rapidly. In multiple studies, when comparing Ligustrazine supplementation to control groups, in which both groups had been subjected to either denervation or muscle suspension, the Ligustrazine groups lost significantly less muscle over controls, both short term (one week) and longer term (one month).<\/p>\r\n
Ligustrazine has also been shown to selectively increase glucose uptake in muscle cells, protect against oxidative damage from high fat and high glucose, block vasoconstriction, and even upregulate mitochondrial biogenesis.<\/p>\r\n
Ligustrazine has also been found, recently, to preserve intervertebral disc integrity and prevent breakdown.<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1529943013014630<\/p>\r\n
Paeoniflorin<\/p>\r\n
Paeoniflorin is a compound isolated from any number of herbs. Working through multiple mechanisms, Paeoniflorin has a direct stimulatory effect on bone formation signaling. The current research on this compound has looked mainly at the potential beneficial effects in certain bone related disease states, which we can use to make some reasonable assumptions in how it might behave in healthy individuals. Renal fibrosis involves the accumulation of excess fibrous material in the extracellular matrix of kidney cells.<\/p>\r\n
Renal (kidney) fibrosis is the principal process underlying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this condition, BMP7 expression and SMAD activation tends to become quite disrupted, and Paeoniflorin has been shown to normalize this signaling. This could very well translate to increased BMP7 expression in healthy individuals.<\/p>\r\n
In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the body attacks the joints through an inflammatory cascade, causing pain, joint swelling, bone erosion and cartilage breakdown. Paeoniflorin supplementation has been shown to reverse or severely diminish all of these problems, largely through controlling the inflammatory factors prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, ROS, and cytokines IL-1B and TNF-a.<\/p>\r\n
Again with regard to disease state models, we have some data regarding the effect of Paeoniflorin on periodontitis, which is an inflammatory condition that causes shrinking of the gums and bone loss in the teeth. In periodontic subjects supplementing with Paeoniflorin, alveolar bone loss and soft tissue destruction were significantly prevented and the compound exhibited anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects.<\/p>\r\n
Finally, as a bonus point, we’ve got a cool interaction with Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs). When the body undergoes heat stress (like during exercise), the muscle cells have to control potential damage with HSPs. Often referred to as intracellular “chaperones”, they’re basically molecules that act as a clean up crew to facilitate protein transport, prevent mishaps during protein folding, and protect against protein denaturation. They have also been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce oxidative stress, inhibit inflammatory pathways and enhance the metabolic characteristics of muscle cells.<\/p>\r\n
Anything that increases specific HSPs will likely speed up recovery and hypertrophy, and as you may have guessed by now, Paeoniflorin does just that. Scientists looked at the effect of Glycyrrhizin (the active component of licorice) and Paeoniflorin on HSPs. They found that Paeoniflorin was able to induce HSP expression and also enhance the function of the elevated HSPs, whereas Glycyrrhizin was only able to enhance their function.<\/p>\r\n
Hwanggeumchal Sorghum Extract<\/p>\r\n
Another Superstar of the formula, Sorghum refers to a genus of grasses, typically used in livestock feed. As you can probably assume by now, we didn’t just throw some grass clippings in this advanced formula. We have found a very specific extract of Sorghum that boasts some cool properties. HSE works, for our purposes, in a unique way that should synergize with the other ingredients in the formula.<\/p>\r\n
In addition to being an incredibly powerful BMP7 inducer, it also amplifies the GH\/IGF-1 pathway (mo’ muscle, mo’ muscle).<\/p>\r\n
Growth Hormone (GH) is a well-known regulator of bone growth. When GH is elevated, it triggers something called the Jak\/STAT pathway, which regulates IGF-1, a major player in bone and muscle growth. HSE has been shown to act almost exactly like GH in activating this Jak\/STAT pathway, which then increases the expression of GH related proteins, (one of which, STAT5b, triggers BMP7), the GH receptor itself, IGF-1, the IGF-1 receptor, and BMP7. The science nerds might have noticed something particularly intriguing about that. When we trigger more BMP7, we trigger more MSC differentiation towards osteoblasts, giving the (now also elevated by HSE) anabolic IGF-1 more beneficial places to exert its effects.<\/p>\r\n
And for the bonus round, HSE has been shown to reduce plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides when given to obese rats on a high fat diet.<\/p>\r\n
Houttuynia Cordata<\/p>\r\n
HC (I am NOT typing that over and over) is a flowering plant from China, studied for its positive effects on kidney fibrosis. As analyses progressed, it was found to be an extremely potent inducer of BMP7. As a side bonus, it was also found to increase expression of Adiponectin, which is released by adipocytes to help regulate insulin sensitivity, glucose levels, and control inflammatory cytokines.<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0254627212600326<\/p>\r\n
Quercetin Dihydrate<\/p>\r\n
Quercetin is a very common and useful component of most edible plants. It also turns out to not just increase expression of BMP2, but enhance BMP signaling overall. It also works as an extremely potent escort molecule to get zinc into cells.<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5875037<\/p>\r\n
Boron Citrate<\/p>\r\n
Boron is added to the formula to enhance BMP2 expression, as well as reducing the urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium.<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32676937<\/p>\r\n
Now that we’ve traveled through our BMP 2\/4\/7 ingredients (to activate SMAD 1\/5\/8) to trigger anabolism and muscle cell division\/differentiation, as well as stronger bones and joints, let's get to the juicy new additions. While finishing the research on the new MyoSynergy formula (coming soon) it occurred to me that, since Myostatin and the other catabolic signaling proteins converge and cause activation of SMAD2\/3 (again, not only very undesirable but competing for SMAD4 escort into the nucleus), we might as well pull the specialized ingredients over to BMP and make it unbeatable for effectiveness. So let’s hit it…<\/p>\r\n
We are going to include the first two sort of together, since that is how they were most studied.<\/p>\r\n
Astragalus Membranaceus-HPBCD Complex<\/p>\r\n
I have been using Astragalus in my formulas (see earlier version of MyoSynergy) for a while, and it has since become a popular ingredient. I always have, and likely always will, use a custom extraction to better be able to control the concentrated compounds. We are using a 50:1 ethanol extract to maximize potency.<\/p>\r\n
AM (combined with SM, see below) has an incredibly potent inhibitory effect on not only SMAD2\/3 phosphorylation, but seems to cripple their ability to complex with SMAD4.<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378874108002110<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/jgh.12490<\/p>\r\n
Salvia Miltiorrhiza<\/p>\r\n
If you’ve been following my work for a while, you will recognize this way back in the first version of DCP. In addition to the inhibition of SMAD2\/3, SM also acts as a potent DGAT inhibitor. The fatty acids stored in fat cells is in the form of Tri(acyl)Glycerides, which means 3 acyl esters attached to a glycerol backbone. This is the only way they are stored. DGAT (Diacylglycerol Acyl Transferase) pushed that third acyl group onto diglycerides allowing them to be restored. By blocking DGAT, we cause the fatty acids to remain in circulation longer, allowing extra time for them to be burned as fuel. Side bonus there.<\/p>\r\n
There are 2 main components to SM we are looking for, and luckily they have the same solubilities – which means we can use the same solvent to extract them – Tanshinones and Salvianolic acid.<\/p>\r\n
Oleuropein<\/p>\r\n
Extracted from Olive Leaves, I'm beginning to suspect that Oleuropein is one of the key players (along with Anthocyanins\/Cyanidins) in the health effects seen from the Mediterranean Diet. Oleuropein has a very, very potent effect inhibiting SMAD2 (the more potent of the two, between 2 and 3).<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/12\/6\/1140\/<\/p>\r\n
It, along with the other two also inhibit something called PAI-1. This gets messy, so be patient. Blood clotting is a complicated process, that is usually tightly controlled with multiple, redundant pathways – one being Plasminogen. Plasminogen helps to break up clots quickly, but also triggers release of PAI-1 (Plasminogen Activated Inhibitor) to make sure clotting doesn’t get out of hand. Now, several pathological states that I prefer not to cover for...reasons...can cause a hyperactivation of PAI-1, resulting in extreme and uncontrolled clotting by oversuppression of Plasminogen. Oleuropein acts as a PAI-1 inhibitor (yes, it inhibits an inhibitor), normalizing clotting functions.<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10549-020-06054-x\/<\/p>\r\n
Sinomenine<\/p>\r\n
Sinomenine is an alkaloid extracted from certain vines. It is also getting more expensive and harder to source.<\/p>\r\n
Sinomenine acts as a very potent substrate for the P-Glycoprotein efflux pump – one of the active hurdles to ingredient absorption. As ingredients try to enter the bloodstream, the P-gp pump dumps them back in to the gut for elimination. What a waste. By acting as substrate, it keeps the P-gp pump busy while the rest of the formula freely enters circulation.<\/p>\r\n
Interestingly, Sinomenine has also been found to alleviate peripheral diabetic neuropathy, CNS disorders, and some pain (oddly enough, when combined with Ligustrazine it is extremely effective at blunting acute, non-inflammatory pain).<\/p>\r\n
https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7900506\/<\/p>\r\n
Things to Avoid\/Monitor When Taking BMP<\/p>\r\n
•Synthetic Vitamin E
The synthetic form of Vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) lowers gamma tocopherol, which potentially interferes with anabolic bone signaling. If you are taking Vitamin E for a medical reason, please consult with your doctor before cessation.<\/p>\r\n
•Nicotine
Nicotine has been shown to interfere with bone formation. The addition of mixed tocopherols to the BMP formula could help counteract this, but it would still be a good idea to limit use of nicotine while using this product to prevent negative interactions with the BMP signaling cascade.<\/p>\r\n
Things to stack with BMP.<\/p>\r\n
While certainly not necessary, these should provide a synergistic effect:<\/p>\r\n
•MyoSynergy Elite
•X-Factor
•Any anabolic\/androgenic steroid or prohormone that you’re currently taking<\/p>\r\n
So here we are. In conclusion, my BMP research was inspired by a passing thought, a flash of inspiration, and has become a labor of love, yielding an absolute powerhouse of a product. All natural, Hormone-Free, safe for women and natties, this new iteration of BMP is easily the most potent natural product for building muscle, bone, and strong joints available in supplement form.<\/p>\r\n
While nature wants to limit us within starkly defined physical parameters, a special breed of man (and woman) exists to break out of those limitations and become BEAST.<\/p>\r\n
EvoMuse: Inspire to Evolve.<\/p>\r\n
BMP > Body Modify: Phenotype<\/strong><\/span> BRITE | Adipocyte Conversion Formula<\/p>\r\n \"A cold, starving animal doesn't care about a 6-pack.\"<\/p>\r\n Perspective is a complex thing. From the perspective of an undisciplined modern human, life is surrounded by plenty and our worries can consist of trying to reach our most aesthetically pleasing selves. However, perspective for most of the creatures on the planet is harsh, difficult, and a never-ending quest for precious resources.<\/p>\r\n Heat is one of the most precious resources, as the universe contends with \"hot spots\" in its quest to finally attain perfect order and energy distribution – namely heat death.<\/p>\r\n Nature, on the other hand – if it can be separated from the Universe – seems obsessed with continuing bright hot spots of life, without caring about individuals. The mechanistic viewpoint of our bodies, which still reigns supreme, follows laws of thermodynamics and thus life and heat can almost be interchangeable.<\/p>\r\n As we have covered countless times, humans, in our dominant but highly artificial state, are an aberration from the general rules. Nature drives numerous animals into dormancy when resources become scarce and more energy would be spent finding calories (heat, fuel) than could be replenished. Hibernation is the name of the game for Winter. Hibernation must be prepared for, which is why hibernating animals begin gorging and getting fat during Fall. Those fat stores are our point of interest, as much of it is stored in specialized cells.<\/p>\r\n The key to thermogenesis is adrenergic signaling (meaning related to adrenaline and noradrenaline). While humans have come to rely more on B2 (and A2) signaling for active lipolysis resulting in ATP formation with increases in heat a secondary effect (to fuel activity), the animals that hibernate during cold weather rely on different receptors (B3, A1) to generate heat via thermogenesis to go along with a more passive release of adrenaline\/noradrenaline, since for the most part they aren't moving much.<\/p>\r\n Human B3 receptors have lost importance, which means the first step is to increase activity here…<\/p>\r\n …but before we do that, let's take a quick step back for all those who are new to this here do-si-do.<\/p>\r\n A full decade ago, Evolutionary Muse released a first-in-kind product designed to facilitate the browning of white fat. Aptly named BRITE™, it shares the same name as those adipocytes which are named for being BROWN-IN-WHITE cells – white adipocytes which behave like brown adipocytes. Brown adipocytes are metabolically active cells which use their fat stores to generate body heat...the life hack of all life hacks, if you will. But there was one glaring problem – modern living was all but making this phenomenon a thing of the past. No problem, we should just reject modernity and embrace tradition. Right?<\/p>\r\n Wrong.<\/p>\r\n Evolutionary Muse: Inspire to Evolve. (Translation: We take a pill for that now.)<\/p>\r\n DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WAT AND BAT<\/p>\r\n BAT works quite differently, if not opposite, to White Adipose Tissue (WAT). BAT is dense in mitochondria and considered a highly thermogenic fat cell, responsible for creating heat through a process called “non-shivering thermogenesis”. This process burns calories through a futile cycle of shuttling protons to the mitochondria to generate heat. WAT, however, is what we all think of when we hear the term “body fat”. It stores calories so they can be used later during periods of hunger or famine, and secretes various adipokines.<\/p>\r\n Even more recently, we have discovered another player in the adipocyte story – Brown-in-White cells, or “BRITE”. At a microscopic level, these cells display a color between brown and white, and behave in a similar thermogenic fashion to BAT cells. While we don’t know yet if reduced thermogenic activity is a cause or consequence of obesity, we do know that an increase in BAT and\/or brite cells improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.<\/p>\r\n Two distinct pathways exist towards increasing brite cells in adult humans, (1) triggering precursor cells into becoming brite cells, and (2) turning mature WAT cells into brite cells. We want to target these pathways directly so that we can increase the ratio of brite cells to WAT cells, allowing your body to constantly burn more calories. So, let’s dive into some of the known methods of brite cell creation and activation.<\/p>\r\n COLD THERAPY, B3 ADRENERGIC ACTIVATORS<\/p>\r\n Cold exposure triggers macrophages in BAT to produce catecholamines like norepinephrine. Norepinephrine agonizes b-adrenergic receptors on fat cells. Cold also activates beige cell development and function. The effect can be mimicked with B3 adrenergic activators, which also trigger PGC-1a and brite cell development. It can also be mimicked with TRPM, or cold-sensor activators.<\/p>\r\n IRISIN AND PGC-1 ALPHA<\/p>\r\n Exercise causes increased expression in muscle of PPARg coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1a), which downstream results in a hormone\/myokine called irisin. This irisin contributes to a browning of WAT cells. So not only does exercise burn calories directly, but also secondarily through triggering the browning process with irisin. Fortunately, this is an exploitable angle independent of exercise by triggering the PPARg cascade.<\/p>\r\n PRDM16, BMP-7<\/p>\r\n Prdm16 is a transcriptional cofactor, substantially enriched in human BAT compared to adjacent WAT. It acts by binding to and modulating other factors like C\/EBPb, PPARy, PPARa, and the aforementioned PGC-1a. Knocking out Prdm16 negates the thermogenic effect of brown cells, and increases WAT. Considered a key driver of brown fat cell fate, this cofactor is quite important. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) increases expression of Prdm16 in precursor cells, and is essential for brown fat development. BMP-7 is fortunately something we can target with supplementation.<\/p>\r\n ADENYLYL CYCLASE AND ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC ACTIVATION<\/p>\r\n Adenylyl cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP. We mentioned beta-adrenergic receptor agonism, but it turns out this is greatly enhanced with simultaneous adenylyl cyclase upregulation and alpha-1 activation. So, targeting adenylyl cyclase, alpha-1, and beta-adrenergic agonism together causes enhanced brite cell creation.<\/p>\r\n UCP1<\/p>\r\n BAT mitochondria respond to something called UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) to burn fat and generate heat, while brite cells seem to express lower levels of UCP1. However, brite cells potentially burn fat independently of UCP1 signaling, and furthermore, with the proper triggers, brite fat can actually turn on high levels of UCP1. Multiple ingredients in the BRITE formula will encourage WAT cells to upregulate UCP1 levels. Some of you may be familiar with a somewhat popular drug in the bodybuilding community years ago called DNP (which actually has roots in the 1930s as a weight loss drug). DNP was meant to mimic activated UCP1, which drastically elevated thermogenesis. While extremely effective, unregulated uncoupling can (and did) cause hyperthermia and death. Fortunately, we now have effective ways of targeting UCP1 safely.<\/p>\r\n PHOSPHODIESTERASES<\/p>\r\n Phosphodiesterases (or PDEs from here on out) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the inactivity (and therefore homeostasis) of the cAMP and\/or cGMP systems. An example we should all be familiar with is PDE5, which reduces cGMP in the erectile tissues, suppressing erectile response. Viagra, Cialis, etc., all inhibit the PDE5 enzyme, which leads to accumulation of cGMP, relaxation of penile tissues, dilation of blood vessels and eventually an erection.<\/p>\r\n The cAMP and cGMP systems are tightly controlled by physiological signals in order to maximally preserve resources. The cAMP system, for example, is related to energy states using Adenosine as a backbone (think highly depleted ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate). Elevation of cAMP leads to lipolysis, the freeing of fatty acids for transport to metabolically active tissue for either conversion to ATP or, in our case, thermogenesis.<\/p>\r\n There are two members of the PDE family that are of interest to us. One is PDE3b, the enzyme form activated by insulin to suppress lipolysis, allowing for the opposite to occur (storage of fat\/carbs). By suppressing PDE3b, we preserve a state of lipolysis and fat continues to be \"burned\" even after eating. Inhibition of PDE3b also removes the barriers of induction of UCP1, which causes non-shivering thermogenesis (the use of fatty acids to generate heat).<\/p>\r\n The other member is a newer player, PDE4D. Working hand-in-hand with PDE3b inhibition, PDE4D inhibition amplifies adrenergic signaling, UCP1 expression, lipolysis, and amplification of thermogenesis – especially basal (baseline) levels which means the rate of lipolysis without additional stimulation. The higher the basal rate, the more fat burned\/heat generated.<\/p>\r\n At the end of this inhibition, we go back to that Adenylyl Cyclase (and in the case of cGMP, Guanylyl Cyclase) creating the energy usage and replenishment cycle.<\/p>\r\n INGREDIENTS AND FUNCTION<\/p>\r\n Butcher’s Broom 50:1 Extract<\/p>\r\n Butcher’s Broom is a herb also known as Ruscus aculeatus. It gets its name from the practice of butchers using it for its supposed antibacterial properties to clean their cutting boards. It has been used in traditional medicine for its vasoconstrictive and anti-inflammatory actions (reducing swelling, preventing hemorrhoids, etc.).<\/p>\r\n The plant contains a variety of saponins, which have been shown to activate alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and stimulate the release of norepinephrine. It also has a protective effect on capillaries, strengthens blood vessels, and helps maintain healthy circulation.<\/p>\r\n As discussed previously, this alpha-1 activation is important and has been shown to shift preadipocytes to beige cells as opposed to white adipose tissue. As well, recent research shows that when hibernating, animals’ thermosensitive mechanisms will detect ambient and body temperatures and, if falling under threshold, the SNS will release norepinephrine to activate BAT in order to maintain viable body temperatures.<\/p>\r\n Gypenosides (75%)<\/p>\r\n Gypenosides are saponins found in the jiaogulan plant. This ingredient targets both WAT and BAT. With it we get WAT browning and an increase in fat oxidation genes in both WAT and BAT. Obesogenic diet mice treated with Gypenosides had a significantly reduced bodyweight vs. control, with lower cholesterol and insulin resistance. Gypenosides potently activate AMPk, which is tied directly to the cGMP\/cAMP systems and sympathetic\/parasympathetic nervous systems (metabolic autopilots), and amplify the lipolytic\/thermogenic effects on brite cells.<\/p>\r\n Menthol Crystals<\/p>\r\n Aside from B3 adrenergic receptor activation, the other most important way to start the browning process of WAT browning, as previously discussed, is through cold exposure. By exposing the body to cold temperatures long-term, it activates the TRPM8 receptor, which triggers browning in order to more effectively use WAT to create body warmth.<\/p>\r\n TRPM8 activation also enhances the thermogenic function of brown adipocytes through UCP1 and the b-adrenergic pathway.<\/p>\r\n So Menthol mimics long-term cold exposure by activating the TRPM8 channel, which has been shown to induce WAT browning as well as an upregulation in BAT thermogenesis. This has been shown to increase core temperature, reduce body fat and improve glucose metabolism.<\/p>\r\n Vanillin<\/p>\r\n An ingredient used in fake vanilla extracts for baking, Vanillin (and its metabolite Vanillic Acid) are metabolic derivatives from Anthocyanins. In addition to favorably reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides, resulting in a favorable gut environment for fat loss, Vanillin potently induces both browning of white fat and expression of UCP1.<\/p>\r\n Vanillin also increases glucose uptake in muscle tissue as well as regulating redox imbalances and inflammation.<\/p>\r\n Black Pepper Extract (20% Piperine)<\/p>\r\n TRPV1 is a capsaicin and vanilloid receptor in the body that is responsible for detection and regulation of body temperature and pain. More recently this receptor has been identified as a major player in obesity and body fat regulation. Stimulation of TRPV1 has been shown to upregulate BAT and increase fat oxidation and energy expenditure. TRPA1 is a similar receptor that functions to recognize cold and pain. Piperine, as well as several other compounds in black pepper, have been shown to be TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists, with an even greater efficacy than capsaicin.<\/p>\r\n Trans-Cinnamaldehyde<\/p>\r\n Trans-Cinnamaldehyde is a pungent compound from cinnamon or dried cassia bark. It has been shown to increase UCP1 in both WAT and BAT, inducing browning of WAT cells. It also activates the cold receptor TRPA1. Back to those rodents fed obesogenic diets, Trans-Cinnamaldehyde inhibited hypertrophy of adipose cells, decreased body fat (including visceral fat), decreased voluntary food intake, and improved insulin sensitivity.<\/p>\r\n Salvia Miltiorrhiza 20:1 (Ethanol Extract)<\/p>\r\n Salvia Miltiorrhiza is a fascinating plant containing potent compounds that inhibit an enzyme called DGAT (diacylglycerol acyltransferase). Salvia Miltiorrhiza is able to prevent the final step in esterifying lipids into the form that WAT need them in – namely triacylglycerides (triglycerides). This keeps the lipids circulating in the bloodstream to be picked up and used by peroxisomes and mitochondria, and thrown off as heat.<\/p>\r\n Salvia Miltiorrhiza also inhibits SMAD2\/3 expression (see the BMP writeup), which suppresses myostatin activity and preserves muscle mass.<\/p>\r\n Salvia Miltiorrhiza has a dramatic effect on mitochondrial function in brite cells, basically turbocharging their activity by amplifying UCP1 activity.<\/p>\r\n Rutaecarpine<\/p>\r\n Contained in large quantities in the evodia fruit, it was first thought the Evodiamine was the compound responsible for the increase in non-shivering thermogenesis. Evodiamine turned out to be a huge disappointment, because it turns out the Rutaecarpine was what we were looking for.<\/p>\r\n Potently activating both AMPk and PGC-1a, Rutaecarpine also very strongly increases thermogenesis as well as mitochondrial biogenesis in brite cells. The more mitochondria, the more uncoupling and thus more thermogenesis and more fat burned.<\/p>\r\n Rutaecarpine also inhibits adipogenesis and lipogenesis, preventing lipid accumulation in WAT. Remember lipids in WAT have to be removed through a process of lipolysis before they can be transferred to metabolically active tissue and organelles (peroxisomes, mitochondria). By preventing WAT from accumulating lipids as well as crippling the body’s ability to simply make more white fat cells, all while shutting the lipids into the metabolically active brown\/brite fat cells, the process of thermogenesis becomes more efficient.<\/p>\r\n Sesamol<\/p>\r\n Sesamol is a phenol derivative of sesame oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This is another ingredient in the formula with the aforementioned two-pronged attack. It downregulates adipogenic differentiation factors (C\/EBPa, PPARy, SREBP-1) and decreases fat accumulating enzymes like fatty acid synthase (FAS), while upregulating fat oxidizing enzymes like HSL, LPL and AMPk. In mice on an obesogenic diet, it decreased fat mass and adipocyte size in both WAT and BAT by increasing UCP1 and PCG-1a.<\/p>\r\n Borneol<\/p>\r\n Borneol is a very potent P-glycoprotein efflux pump inhibitor. While “distracting” the P-gp pump, the ingredients of BRITE are able to enter the body unhindered by this physiochemical saboteur. As an additional benefit, Borneol also activates the TRPM8 cold receptor.<\/p>\r\n Myricetin-Nicotinamide Crystalline Complex<\/p>\r\n The primary superstar of the new formula, Myricetin is an incredibly diverse and hugely potent ingredient.<\/p>\r\n Let’s do a quick functional run through.<\/p>\r\n GLP-1 agonist – GLP-1 agonists are all the rage for weight loss right now. GLP-1 stands for Glucagon-like Peptide 1. Initially targeted to reverse type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 agonists soon manifested an interesting secondary effect – massive and rapid fat loss. As research gains traction, several explanations are emerging. A potent appetite suppression pathway, GLP-1 appears to be extremely active in the brain, activating brain-specific AMPk (hypothalamus, etc.) and stimulating central activation of brown\/brite fat thermogenesis. They also are highly active in increasing muscle-specific glucose uptake, and are effective at improving cardiac function. GLP-1 agonists are inactivated by something called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Interestingly enough, Myricetin inhibits DPP-4, thus amplifying and prolonging its own effect.<\/p>\r\n Myricetin has also been shown to be incredibly potent at inducing brite cell conversion, activating non-shivering thermogenesis, and dramatically increasing mitochondrial biogenesis (formation of new mitochondria).<\/p>\r\n GSK3b – Touched on briefly in the TopMuscle writeup, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3b functions to inhibit a ton of growth associated positive effects in the body. This includes muscle growth, glycogen formation, and most importantly, brown\/brite fat thermogenesis. In fact, its potency at shutting down non-shivering thermogenesis is stunning. As luck (or design) would have it, Myricetin is the most potent GSK3b inhibitor so far found in natural form, with an IC50 of 900 nanomoles – incredibly potent.<\/p>\r\n PDE3b – as mentioned elsewhere, in order for BAT\/BRITE thermogenesis to be maximized, both PDE3b and PDE4D need to be inhibited. As if Myricetin hasn’t already shown to be badass, it also inhibits PDE3b.<\/p>\r\n Myricetin sounds great – let’s toss that in. Well, being a flavonoid, Myricetin has one of the worst oral absorption profiles I’ve ever seen, at very low single digit %. Other absorption enhancing methods (cyclodextrin, etc.) also turned out to be disappointing. However, I worked out a crystallization process with Nicotinamide that yielded some absolutely gorgeous, and highly absorbable, crystals – enabling us to include this spectacular ingredient in the formula.<\/p>\r\n The best part? Nicotinamide is also a highly potent brown fat activating ingredient, by both amplifying adrenergic signaling at the B3 receptor and by triggering mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as increasing expression of PPARa and PGC-1a.<\/p>\r\n Fucoxanthin 40%<\/p>\r\n Fucoxanthin is a simple ingredient. It dramatically increases expression of UCP1, which should be clear by now.<\/p>\r\n Ginger-6 Specialized Extract (std for 6-Paradol, 6-Shogaol, 6-Gingerol)<\/p>\r\n Ginger is absolutely one of the most popular plants for digestion, soothing a dysfunctional stomach, and tossing back after sushi and wasabi. It is also popular for fat loss, though in previous usages sort of haphazardly tossed in. I’m sure you’ve also seen something called Grains of Paradise (6-Paradol) used in competing formulas, though with highly mixed, often disappointing results. Turns out, if you know the correct solvents to use and in what order, you can extract the 3 main “browning” compounds from Ginger in high concentrations.<\/p>\r\n 6-Paradol – As mentioned it has become a commonly used ingredient. Another compound used to increase WAT browning, 6-Paradol also increases expression of PCG-1a and UCP1, resulting in increased thermogenesis with measurable temperature increases in brite\/brown adipose. However, of the three it appears to be the weakest.<\/p>\r\n 6-Shogaol – The immediate precursor of 6-Paradol, 6-Shogaol shows extreme promise as a thermogenic and browning agent, both in mature and preadipocytes. Increasing expression of the usual suspects (PCG-1a, UCP1), 6-Shogaol also increases mitochondrial turnover and biogenesis, increases the binding energy of ligands in the essential B3 adrenoreceptors (amplified signaling), and provides for a dramatic upregulation of beige markers, indicating significant browning of WAT.<\/p>\r\n 6-Gingerol – Along with 6-Shogaol, the most dominant compound in ginger – and the most potent. Sharing functionality with 6-Shogaol (all pathways similarly, but more potently, activated), 6-Gingerol also inhibits lipogenesis. 6-Gingerol also shows an extremely potent ability to break the giant lipid droplet which characterizes WAT into smaller, multiple droplets – enabling the shift to classical brite characteristics more easily.<\/p>\r\n Humulus Japonicus Extract 50:1 (Water)<\/p>\r\n Humulus Japonicus Extract is a new and exciting addition to the formula. In addition to inducing browning of WAT, it exerts potent antioxidant effects and increases expression of both AMPk and UCP1, as well as being a decent PPAR-delta agonist. The difference in hibernating animals using more PPARa to provide mitochondrial substrate in the liver is that they generally spend the winter dormant, whereas humans have the added benefit of physical motion, thus adding PPAR-delta, which is dominant in skeletal muscle, to the mix.<\/p>\r\n Quercetin-Theobromine Crystalline Complex<\/p>\r\n An absolute thermonuclear addition to the new formula is an ingredient combination I’ve been trying to fit for years, and this is an incredibly fortuitous (that means lucky) addition. Though they are grown together into a crystalline complex, which mostly enhances absorption by several fold, we will take each ingredient separately.<\/p>\r\n Quercetin – The Big Q is an extremely common compound in most plants. In addition to acting as a potent zinc ionophore (escort molecule into the cells), it is quite the potent antioxidant. But let’s get to the good stuff…<\/p>\r\n A 2021 study showed Quercetin to do a whole host of things related to BAT\/brite activation. It increases expression of PGC-1a (necessary for brite conversion) and UCP1, reduces plasma cholesterol, increases expression of the elusive (in humans) B3 adrenoreceptor (which is a key in the whole package), and as well induces mitochondrial transcription factors. Best of all? It was also discovered to be a very potent PDE4D inhibitor (see the section on phosphodiesterases\/cAMP) and, less potently, a PDE3b inhibitor. Recall that both PDE3b inhibition and PDE4D inhibition are required for both browning and optimized non-shivering thermogenesis.<\/p>\r\n As a side note, Quercetin decreases Firmicutes (starts with F for Fatty) to Bacteroides ratio in the gut, thus leading to a leaner phenotype expression.<\/p>\r\n Now Quercetin, while relatively inexpensive, has horrible solubility in water and dismal oral absorption. The crystallization with Theobromine increases oral absorption substantially.<\/p>\r\n Theobromine – Starting where we left off with Quercetin, Theobromine is ALSO quite a potent PDE4D inhibitor, the combination pretty much providing everything we need to preserve SNS cAMP signaling and optimized thermogenesis. But wait...there’s more!<\/p>\r\n Theobromine is a major component of cocoa. It has been toyed with, mostly unsuccessfully, in fat burning formulas for decades. Knowing what we know now about mechanisms, it makes sense why it didn’t deliver as promised.<\/p>\r\n Theobromine increases non-shivering thermogenesis, increases expression of PGC-1a, UCP1, other brite specific markers (we won’t be delving into those here quite yet) as well as increasing transport molecules like CPT1, which escorts shortened fatty acids from peroxisomes into the mitochondria for further beta-oxidation (and in our case, uncoupling\/heat production rather than ATP yield). In addition, Theobromine activates both B3 adrenoreceptors and AMPk, with the end result being a backblast of thermogenesis. As well, Theobromine suppresses preadipocyte differentiation, lipogenesis, and extends the browning effect to sub-mature adipocytes.<\/p>\r\n Oleuropein 50%<\/p>\r\n Oleuropein, contained in the olive plant, appears to be one of the main compounds contributing to the healthiness of the Mediterranean Diet. A unique compound, Oleuropein both dramatically increases UCP1 expression, and increases adrenaline\/noradrenaline secretion (absolutely essential for any kind of lipolysis, and therefore thermogenesis). Adrenaline\/noradrenaline acts as a ligand at the B3 adrenoreceptor (which, if you have been following has had both quantity increased as well as binding increased and signal amplified), the end result being hyperactivation of non-shivering thermogenesis.<\/p>\r\n We mentioned BMP7 also being essential to brown\/brite thermogenesis. While we are using a 50% oleuropein extract here, the other polyphenols in Olive (the “other” 50%) have been demonstrated to increase expression of BMP7, thus completing the perfection of our formula.<\/p>\r\n CONCLUSION<\/p>\r\n As you can see, we have exhaustively targeted all of the known pathways of creating and activating brite cells in the body through either recruiting precursor cells or converting mature white cells. Regular supplementation should encourage fat loss and mimicking of a lean phenotype acutely, and even more so when taken chronically – as brite cells don’t immediately revert back to white adipose upon cessation of the product. BRITE is a long-term solution to an ongoing, serious problem plaguing modern society.<\/p>\r\n <\/p>\r\n Defuse The feeding of Calories into the system known as the Human Body, and where those Calories finally end up, is a highly complex process. A number of sensing and processing pathways are put into play, each dealing with different nutrients (fat, carbs, etc), that either direct nutrients to be used as fuel, or stored as fat. The fat storage pathways are numerous but, lucky for us, can be manipulated, or inhibited, leaving potential jiggly ugliness circulating in the body to be burned for metabolic fuel.<\/SPAN><\/P> We can\u2019t always remain perfectly strict on our diets (and let\u2019s be honest who wants to?) so for those times (muscle gaining cycles, holidays, vacations) we need a new approach to keeping lean. With Defuse, we have done just that.<\/SPAN><\/P> The Defuse formula helps to prevent fat gain by preventing the mechanisms for fat storage from working optimally, leaving the body with no choice but to burn that fat away.<\/SPAN><\/P> Defuse Fat Gain Inhibitor <\/SPAN><\/P> We can't always be completely strict on diet. Sometimes Holidays come up...sometimes we are looking to increase muscle gain. Either way, the goal is to maintain physique and prevent fat gain. Defuse was designed for just that purpose. There are multiple biological pathways that calories can travel through to cause fat storage. The more you are able to block those pathways, the more your body will change preference to burn that fat off as energy rather than store it. Using a comprehensive and dynamic formula, Defuse helps to prevent fat gain normally caused by short periods of extra calories.<\/SPAN><\/P> Directions: Take 3 capsules, 30 minutes prior to largest meals of the day<\/SPAN><\/P> Pre-Glossary<\/SPAN><\/P> Pre-adipocytes & pre-adipocyte differentiation CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins (C\/EBP's) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPk) Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TrpV1) Hormone Sensitive Lipase (HSL) Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) Where does it come from? Primary Effects Acacia Catechins have been shown to suppress pre-adipocyte differentiation through the blockade of two important fat storage proteins, C\/EBP and PPARy, which has a downstream inhibition on the master fat storing gatekeeper, FAS Error: Reference source not found.<\/SPAN><\/P> Primary Effects Fat loss and fat gain are moderated by numerous complex mechanisms, and AMPk is a key player in this flux. Generally speaking, bolstering AMPk activation is great for fat loss, in the right amount. Platycodin d. has been shown in multiple studies to significantly inhibit fat gain and increase fat burning through AMPk activation. Downstream, this AMPk activation attenuates activation of SREBP-1 and fatty acid synthase (FAS), two hormones responsible for fat storage. This is done in a novel way by triggering SIRT1 and CaMMK-b Error: Reference source not found.<\/SPAN><\/P> PPAR-y and C\/EBPa Modulation<\/SPAN><\/P> Platycon d. has been shown to reduce abdominal and whole body fat accumulation in mice fed an obesogenic diet by PPAR-y and C\/EBPa Error: Reference source not found. Basically they gave mice Platycodon d., tried to make them fat, and couldn't do it.<\/SPAN><\/P> Another recent study trying to fatten up mice found that Platycodon d. was able to kick-start adiponectin (a fat burning adipokine) locally in fat cells while keeping it stable in serum compared to the placebo group. It was also able to suppress TNFa (an inflammatory cytokine) locally in fat cells. This resulted in reduced food intake and reduced fat accumulation while increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle Error: Reference source not found. With regards to glucose, another study showed it was able to reduce blood sugar without stimulating insulin release, which is great for enhancing fat burning as well as long term health Error: Reference source not found.<\/SPAN><\/P> Primary Effects Baicalin has been shown to downregulate PPAR-y and C\/EBPs; it does this by suppressing Akt phosphorylation through inhibition of PDK1 Error: Reference source not found. The net result of this, among other things, is going to be inhibiting fat accumulation by attenuating preadipocyte differentiation.<\/SPAN><\/P> Suppression of body weight gain normally caused by the HFD<\/SPAN><\/P> Primary Effects<\/SPAN><\/P> TRPV1, NE, HSL<\/SPAN><\/P> Activating the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 protein (TRPV1) offers numerous benefits for fat loss and general health, including prevention of adipogenesis and obesity Error: Reference source not found.<\/SPAN><\/P> Through modulation of norepinephrine (NE) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), RK appears to be a powerhouse for encouraging fat loss and prevention of fat gain. When mice were fed fattening diet, RK prevented visceral and liver fat accumulation as well as reversing the fat gain in previously obese mice Error: Reference source not found. Recently liver fat has been implicated in metabolic disturbances to an even greater degree than the previous villain, visceral fat, so this is a benefit of great magnitude for overall health Error: Reference source not found.<\/SPAN><\/P> Primary Effects 18b-GA is another ingredient in DeFuse selected for its potent inhibitory effect on the likely now familiar PPARy and C\/EBPa pathway. A recent university study out of South Korea found that 18b-GA was able to decrease lipid accumulation by downregulation of PPARy and C\/EBPa in maturing pre-adipocytes. In addition to this effect on pre-adipocytes, it was also able to increase fat release, upregulate HSL, adipose TG lipase and perilipin in mature fat cells Error: Reference source not found. So basically 18b-GA is going to prevent immature fat cells from becoming fat cells, and increase lipolysis in mature fat cells, a perfect two pronged attack.<\/SPAN><\/P> Another study out of India showed that 18b-GA was able to control blood glucose and HbA1c in diabetic rats on par with the potent pharmaceutical glibenclamide Error: Reference source not found. It also appears to have a significant effect on preventing free fatty acid induced lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity by stabilizing mitochondrial lysosomes and improving liver function Error: Reference source not found. Finally, 18b-GA has also been shown to be anti-inflammatory by reducing IL-8 Error: Reference source not found. Current research shows that inflammation is likely a major contributing factor to fat gain, so by reducing inflammatory interleukins we can help create a more optimal hormonal environment.<\/SPAN><\/P> 6-gingerol Primary Effects In addition to the direct anti-adipogenic effects, gingerol can also control oxidative damage by reducing intracellular ROS and boosting glutathione, as well as reduce inflammation by blocking TNF-a, NF-kB and PKC signaling Error: Reference source not found.<\/SPAN><\/P> Primary Effects Primary Effects <\/SPAN> <\/P> Primary Effects
Bone and Muscle Growth Stimulator<\/strong><\/span>
120 Capsules<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n Cyclodextrin-Kaempferol Complex<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 100 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Cyclodextrin-Osthole Complex<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 100 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Rhodiola Rosea (8% Salidroside)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 240 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Ligusticum Wallichii Extract (std for 98% Ligustrazine)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 100 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Hwanggeumchal Sorghum 100:1<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 200 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Paeoniflorin<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 100 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Sinomenine<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 75 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Quercetin<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 200 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Phytic Acid\/IP6<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 250 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Houttuynia Cordata 20:1<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 75 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Boron Citrate<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 2 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Astragalus Membranaceus 50:1 Ethanol - HPBCD Complex<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 400 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Salvia Miltiorrhiza 20:1 Water Extract<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 200 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Olive Leaf Extract (50% Oleuropein)<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 150 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n \r\n Chitosan<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n 50 mg<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n <\/p>","gtin13":"0758381476494","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/2brite_1703091174-0.jpg"],"brand":"EvoMuse","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/33659\/evomuse-brite-capsules-120-cap.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"87.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/33659\/evomuse-brite-capsules-120-cap.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"EvoMuse DCP Ultra - 2 x 180 Capsule Bottles TWINPACK","sku":"EM22051","description":"
","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/dcp-tw_1655572629-0.jpg"],"brand":"EvoMuse","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32125\/evomuse-dcp-ultra-180-cap.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"99.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32125\/evomuse-dcp-ultra-180-cap.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"EvoMuse Defuse - 360 Capsules (2 x 180 Capsule Bottles) TWINPACK","sku":"EM2013","description":"
Thermodynamics and Biochemistry.... A couple of mouthfuls that don\u2019t have the potential to make you fat. Calories, on the other hand, do.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Servings per container: 60<\/SPAN><\/DIV>
Acacia Catechu Catechins 200 mg
Platycodon Grandiflorum Saponins 250 mg
Baicalin 75 mg
Rose Ellagitannins 150 mg
18b-Glycyrrhetinic Acid 50 mg
Cinchinone Bark Alchohol extract 20:1 75 mg
(-)hydroxyCitric Acid 125 mg
Dragon Fruit Extract 100 mg
Taxilus Tieghiem 20:1 100 mg
Citrus Aurantium 100 mg
Lotus Leaf 20:1 150 mg
Phospholipid Blend 250 mg
Olive Leaf 20:1 200 mg
Galega Officionalis 20:1 250 mg
Fermented Panax Ginseng Berry 20:1 175 mg
Forskolin 60% 20 mg
Methyl Cinnamate 75 mg
Raspberry Ketones 250 mg
<\/DIV><\/SPAN><\/SPAN>
The science behind Defuse is thick, but very digestible if you understand some key physiological terms. Give this pre-glossary a quick read, then as you go through the write up and come across one of these terms you may want to revisit the definition to get a better grasp. Or if you're already a super science nerd, feel free to skip over this section and get right to the meat.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Pre-adipocytes are immature fat cells that have not yet developed distinguishing characteristics. Basically like the Army Reserve, they're called upon when needed, but instead of going into battle they are transformed into full-fledged fat cells through a process called differentiation. At this point they can start storing lipid droplets containing fats, cholesterol, and various metabolic machinery.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy)
Of the three known PPAR subtypes (alpha, delta, gamma), PPARy is the only one that encourages nutrient storage upon activation. It is intricately involved in the uptake of carbohydrate and fat into adipose tissue, as well as being a key signal to trigger adipocyte differentiation.<\/SPAN><\/P>
C\/EBP's include a family of six transcription factors, for our purposes we are just concerned with C\/EBPa and C\/EBPb. Both of these are directly involved in pre-adipocyte differentiation and work in conjunction with PPARy.<\/SPAN><\/P>
AMPk is a major regulator of cellular energy signaling. Upregulation triggers skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation (fat burning), increased insulin sensitivity, and glucose uptake.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Normally, AMPk is triggered during conditions of low cellular energy (low glycogen storage, energy depletion during exercise, calorie restriction, etc). During times of caloric excess (which is exactly when you'll be using Defuse), AMPk is significantly downregulated, which is quite detrimental for fat loss; hence the inclusion of AMPk activators in the formula.<\/SPAN><\/P>
A few years ago some groundbreaking research came out implicating this receptor as a major player in obesity. This is the receptor that capsaicin from chili peppers interacts with, and quite a bit of research has demonstrated that triggering TrpV1 has a significant effect on fat burning.<\/SPAN><\/P>
HSL is crucial for the initial phase of fat loss. It is imperative for breaking down the stored triglyceride in a fat cell into free fatty acids (FFA's) so they can be transported for oxidation (burning). The breakdown of stored triglyceride into FFA's (before transport and oxidation of the fat even occur) is a three-step process, and HSL governs the first step, and is also the rate-limiting step. Boosting HSL allows the other two steps to do more work, which allows for more fat to be burned.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Think of FAS as the anti-HSL, basically performing the opposite function, encouraging the storage of fat. It is comprised of a group of enzymes regulated upstream by SREBP-1c, which is triggered by insulin. Research shows a significant upregulation of FAS in obesity, coupled with suppressed HSL.<\/SPAN><\/P>
BAT is structurally and functionally different from white adipose tissue (WAT). BAT contains several, small lipid droplets surrounding the large nuclear machinery in the middle, whereas WAT contains one huge lipid droplet with a small nucleus near the cell wall. That right there gives some indication of the function of the BAT cell, along with its high mitochondria density and UCP1 expression. BAT's main function is generating heat by burning calories; the numerous small lipid droplets release their fat in response to cold in order to elevate body temperature. People with higher BAT levels (or better BAT signaling) take longer to start shivering in the cold, as their bodies are able to maintain better homeostatic thermoregulation.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Acacia Catechins<\/SPAN><\/P>
Found growing in various parts of China and India, Acacia Catechu is a tall thorny tree. It was selected for inclusion in Defuse as a source of epicatechin and EGCG.<\/SPAN><\/P>
PPARy and C\/EBP<\/SPAN><\/P>
Platycodon saponins
Where does it come from?
Platycodin d. is isolated from the roots of the Platycodon grandiflorum plant, found in East Asia.<\/SPAN><\/P>
AMPk Activation<\/SPAN><\/P>
Adipokine and Glucose Management<\/SPAN><\/P>
Baicalin
Where does it come from?
Baicalin is a flavone found in the herb blue skullcap.<\/SPAN><\/P>
AKt, CaMKKb, AMPk, ACC, PPARy, C\/EBP, FAS, KLF-2 & KLF-15<\/SPAN><\/P>
Baicalin is another AMPk activator, which does so through the favorable CaMMK pathway like Platycodin d. Error: Reference source not found. Researchers in Shanghai conducted a profound study in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) with or without baicalin supplementation Error: Reference source not found. Keep in mind that mice don't normally eat a high fat diet, and their metabolic machinery is ill adapted to do so. After 16 weeks, the bicalin group saw the following effects:<\/SPAN><\/P>
Another study out of Korea supported the previously seen fat loss potential and concluded that baicalin upregulates anti-fat storage regulators (KLF-2) and downregulates pro-fat storing regulators (KLF-15) which results in an inhibition of cellular fat accumulation Error: Reference source not found. This is a perfect storm for prevention of fat gain.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Raspberry Ketone
Where does it come from?
Raspberry Ketone (RK) is a natural phenolic, aromatic compound found in raspberries, cranberries and blackberries.<\/SPAN><\/P>
18b-glycyrrhetinic acid
Where does it come from?
18b-glycyrrhetinic acid (18b-GA) is a metabolite of glycyrrhetinic acid with very unique properties found in the licorice herb.<\/SPAN><\/P>
While high doses of licorice\/glycyrrhetinic acid have been shown to inhibit the enzyme 11b-HSD, which is responsible for converting cortisol to the inactive form cortisone Error: Reference source not found, the low dose of this specific 18b metabolite have some important yet unrelated effects.<\/SPAN><\/P>
PPARy, C\/EBPa, HSL, HbA1c, Inflammation<\/SPAN><\/P>
Where does it come from?
Gingerol, found in ginger, is chemically similar to capsaicin and piperine. Once cooked, gingerol becomes zingerone.<\/SPAN><\/P>
PPARy, C\/EBPa, FAS, SREBP-1c, Acetyl-CoA, Akt, AP2\/4, ROS, Inflammation<\/SPAN><\/P>
6-gingerol is also an effective player in our main theme of targeting pre-adipocyte differentiation. Both in vitro and in vivo, we see anti-adipogenic properties through reduction in PPARy, C\/EBPa and FAS Error: Reference source not found. The researchers performing these studies also found that it was able to reduce levels of something called adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein (aP2, also called FABP4), which is a carrier protein for fatty acids and has become an emerging target protein for treating diabetes and obesity Error: Reference source not found.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/DIV>
Cinchonine
Where does it come from?
Cinchonine is a natural compound found in Cinchona bark, indigenous to the Western Andes.<\/SPAN><\/P>
During overfeeding, cinchonine supplemented subjects gained 40% less weight, 25% less visceral fat, and had lower levels of triglycerides, glucose, serum cholesterol and free fatty acids Error: Reference source not found. It also inhibited the diet induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2). In summary, it was shown to reduce fat gain and inflammation compared to control groups when given a fattening diet.<\/SPAN><\/P>
(-)Hydroxycitric acid
Where does it come from?
Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA) is found in the tropical plant Garcinia cambogia.<\/SPAN><\/P>
HCA has been shown to favorably alter the expression of genes that regulate adipogenesis and lipolysis, which makes it a great addition to the Defuse formula Error: Reference source not found. New research shows that it appears to do so by blocking a key enzyme called atp-citratelyase Error: Reference source not found. In a previous study, HCA was also shown to reduce fatty acid synthesis from glucose Error: Reference source not found.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Anthocyanins\/betalains
Where does it come from?
Anthocyanins and betalains are a class of pigmentations found in various plants, fruits and flowers, with numerous health-promoting effects.<\/SPAN><\/P>