\/p>","gtin12":"658580070793","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/collagen-peach-mango-1800_1659025082-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32236\/core-nutritionals-collagen-peach-mango-1-lb.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"39.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32236\/core-nutritionals-collagen-peach-mango-1-lb.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals Collagen Strawberry Lemonade - 1 Lb","sku":"CU334","description":"
JOINTS\/HAIR, SKIN, NAILS\/BONES<\/p>\r\n
Collagen is by far the most plentiful protein found in the human body. It makes up the body’s skeletal framework, as well as provides integrity to ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissues found inside the body. It is also a primary component of healthy hair, skin, nails, as well as other important structures of the body. Collagen supplements have become increasingly popular as of late, but most people do not know that the type of collagen matters just as much as the quality of the source. Core has combined Collagen Types I and III from high quality bovine hide that works to provide strength for structures such as skin, tendons, bones, connective tissues, teeth, muscles, organs, and arteries.<\/p>\r\n
Collagen and its many types are by far the most plentiful protein found in the human body. It makes up the body’s skeletal framework as well as provides integrity to ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissues found inside the body. It is also a primary component of healthy hair, skin, nails, as well as other important structures of the body. Collagen supplementation has become increasingly popular, especially for its cosmetic benefits. When it comes to your skin, as the largest organ in the body, it relies very heavily on the presence of collagen (skin is roughly 70% collagen protein). As we age, natural collagen production begins to slow, and we have to rely on dietary sources to keep collagen levels up. Foods like chicken, bone broth, fish, citrus fruits, berries, garlic, and leafy greens contain nutrients that can stimulate natural collagen formation, but supplementing with collagen protein (and its specific types) can also be crucially beneficial.<\/p>\r\n
Type I specifically benefits your skin health. One randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial confirmed that skin aging can be addressed using nutrients, such as collagen, that are able to promote skin health. Results showed that after three months of oral intake, skin hydration, elasticity, roughness, and density all showed significant improvements. Also, since the nutrients were taken orally, a deeper dermatological activation was achieved, which can equate to a longer lasting regeneration of skin.<\/p>\r\n
Type III collagen on the other hand is found in the walls of arteries and organs such as the esophagus, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder. It can also be found in some muscle fibers. As with the skin, as we age, the structural integrity of tissues can begin to degenerate. Supplementation can provide an extra backbone of support when adequate nutrients are not being taken in to aid in supporting an optimally functioning digestive system.<\/p>\r\n
Collagen protein can also be a great protein type for those who do not digest other protein powders very well. It is well tolerated by most consumers and offers another high-quality source of protein that can ultimately increase the function of digestive organs that work to break down and absorb other whole food sources and proteins. As a result, collagen protein can arguably be seen as one of the most beneficial types of protein one can consume.<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>","gtin12":"658580070809","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/collagen-strawberry-lemon_1659026787-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32237\/core-nutritionals-collagen-strawberry-lemonade-1.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"39.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32237\/core-nutritionals-collagen-strawberry-lemonade-1.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals Collagen Unflavored - 1 Lb","sku":"CU332","description":"
JOINTS\/HAIR, SKIN, NAILS\/BONES<\/p>\r\n
Collagen is by far the most plentiful protein found in the human body. It makes up the body’s skeletal framework, as well as provides integrity to ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissues found inside the body. It is also a primary component of healthy hair, skin, nails, as well as other important structures of the body. Collagen supplements have become increasingly popular as of late, but most people do not know that the type of collagen matters just as much as the quality of the source. Core has combined Collagen Types I and III from high quality bovine hide that works to provide strength for structures such as skin, tendons, bones, connective tissues, teeth, muscles, organs, and arteries.<\/p>\r\n
Collagen and its many types are by far the most plentiful protein found in the human body. It makes up the body’s skeletal framework as well as provides integrity to ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissues found inside the body. It is also a primary component of healthy hair, skin, nails, as well as other important structures of the body. Collagen supplementation has become increasingly popular, especially for its cosmetic benefits. When it comes to your skin, as the largest organ in the body, it relies very heavily on the presence of collagen (skin is roughly 70% collagen protein). As we age, natural collagen production begins to slow, and we have to rely on dietary sources to keep collagen levels up. Foods like chicken, bone broth, fish, citrus fruits, berries, garlic, and leafy greens contain nutrients that can stimulate natural collagen formation, but supplementing with collagen protein (and its specific types) can also be crucially beneficial.<\/p>\r\n
Type I specifically benefits your skin health. One randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial confirmed that skin aging can be addressed using nutrients, such as collagen, that are able to promote skin health. Results showed that after three months of oral intake, skin hydration, elasticity, roughness, and density all showed significant improvements. Also, since the nutrients were taken orally, a deeper dermatological activation was achieved, which can equate to a longer lasting regeneration of skin.<\/p>\r\n
Type III collagen on the other hand is found in the walls of arteries and organs such as the esophagus, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder. It can also be found in some muscle fibers. As with the skin, as we age, the structural integrity of tissues can begin to degenerate. Supplementation can provide an extra backbone of support when adequate nutrients are not being taken in to aid in supporting an optimally functioning digestive system.<\/p>\r\n
Collagen protein can also be a great protein type for those who do not digest other protein powders very well. It is well tolerated by most consumers and offers another high-quality source of protein that can ultimately increase the function of digestive organs that work to break down and absorb other whole food sources and proteins. As a result, collagen protein can arguably be seen as one of the most beneficial types of protein one can consume.<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>","gtin12":"672975315474","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/collagen2020-rendering-18_1659026649-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32235\/core-nutritionals-collagen-unflavored-1-lb.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"39.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32235\/core-nutritionals-collagen-unflavored-1-lb.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals Core HAIR, SKIN and NAILS - 150 Cap","sku":"CU330","description":"
Most bodybuilders and fitness enthusiasts completely overlook their skin when considering dietary and fitness supplementation, despite it being the largest organs in the human body. Likewise, both hair and nails also fail to receive much attention in this area. While many may point to hair, skin and nails as an aesthetic issue that has nothing to do with your overall health, this is not the case. All three are major indicators of internal homeostasis and overall health, while providing key protection to sensitive areas of your body.<\/p>\r\n
Without additional nutritional supplementation, our hair, skin and nails inevitably suffer from the natural aging process and environmental damage. As we age, our body gradually loses its ability to produce or absorb key vitamins and nutrients as well as efficiently produce collagen, reducing the firmness of our skin and leading to wrinkles. Meanwhile, we also subject our bodies to a variety of environmental toxins and damaging UV radiation, all of which causes serious damage.<\/p>\r\n
HAIR, SKIN and NAILS addresses these often overlooked but important bodily components with a wide array of ingredients formulated to boost collagen synthesis, improve skin hydration, reduce wrinkles and fine lines, strengthen hair, reduce oxidative stress and support cellular and tissue health. Look your best on the outside while feeling your best on the inside with Core Lifeline HAIR, SKIN and NAILS!<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>\r\n
<\/p>","gtin12":"658580070663","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/hair-skin-nails-1800x1800_1654182396-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32073\/core-nutritionals-core-hair-skin-nails-150-cap.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"54.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/32073\/core-nutritionals-core-hair-skin-nails-150-cap.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals Creatine Monohydrate - 400 Grams","sku":"CU049","description":"
BUILD \/ DEVELOP \/ EVOLVE<\/P>
Creatine monohydrate has been shown to:<\/P>
Increase muscle mass\/size (when used in conjunction with a resistance training program).
Improve strength, power, and performance in repetitive bouts of brief, high intensity physical activity (e.g. sprints, jumping).
Decrease muscular fatigue in response to high intensity exercise (weight training).
Every write-up crafted about creatine, including ours, should simply say: it\u2019s creatine, enough said. This is, after all, the most studied, the most anecdotally verified, and the most well known dietary supplement available to us \u2013 and with good reason. The evidence on creatine truly does, \"speak for itself.\u201d<\/P>
With that said, much hoopla has arisen over the past few years regarding how to take creatine, when to take creatine, which form is the best, and so on. We have simplified that for you, and provided you the best, highest purity creatine monohydrate on the market at a competitive price \u2013 unbeatable, we\u2019d say!<\/P>
Science<\/P>
Serving Size: 1 scoop (5000mg) Servings Per Container: 80<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P> \u2020 <\/SPAN>Daily value not established.<\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/P><\/DIV>","gtin12":"850757001368","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/creatine-2020-core_1607611859-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/16982\/core-nutritionals-bcaa-400-grams.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"44.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/16982\/core-nutritionals-bcaa-400-grams.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals Crush it Kids' Multi Gummies - 60 Gummies","sku":"CU325","description":" Crush It Kids' MULTI<\/p>\r\n Does your child have unaddressed gaps in their essential nutritional needs?<\/p>\r\n Wouldn’t you do everything you can to ensure your children are able to put in the same effort and intensity to CRUSH IT on the daily as you do?<\/p>\r\n If you said yes to the questions above, your search is over! We’ve taken the passionate and data driven approach we use for all our other products to create a comprehensive, high quality nutritional option for the next generation of the Crush It Crew! We developed this formula to provide the essential vitamins and minerals necessary for the development of their bodies as they age so they grow into confident, powerful and healthy adults.<\/p>\r\n These delicious naturally flavored gummies were formulated to give our growing children 13 essential nutrients required for optimal growth and development.<\/p>\r\n Vitamins A, C, D, E, & Zinc- Optimal immune system function.<\/p>\r\n Vitamin D- Strong teeth, joint, and bone formation.<\/p>\r\n Vitamins A, C, D, E, Biotin, & Zinc- Healthy vision and strong hair, skin, and nails.<\/p>\r\n Iodine- Optimal thyroid function essential for growth, development, and metabolism.<\/p>\r\n Vitamins B6, B12, Biotin, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, and Inositol- Efficient break down of other nutrients for use as energy to function and to build strong tissues and to support muscles, and organs.<\/p>\r\n Vitamin B-6, B-12, E, Choline, Inositol, and Folate- Optimal brain development and cognitive function. <\/p>\r\n Core FLEX<\/SPAN><\/P> Comprehensive Joint Formula Core FLEX is an ultra-potent combination of 11 clinical ingredients, crafted to ensure the maintenance of strong and healthy tendons and ligaments. Best of all, its all-in-one blend combines the efficacy of single ingredient products, with the synergy of an entire joint product lineup.<\/SPAN><\/P> 8 tablets per serving. We\u2019ve all been there. You have a bit of cashed saved up, and a hard choice to make: do you buy the new, shiny toy, or fix that sort of irritating sound your engine is making? I mean, sure, maybe the engine breaks down, but that\u2019s only a possibility \u2013 you will most certainly enjoy that new toy! Am I right?<\/SPAN><\/P> Wrong. Just like a vehicle, our bodies are exposed to the constant wear and tear of demanding daily use, a fact especially true of athletes. As we put more and more weight on the bar, run faster and further, and push our bodies to the limit, our joints, tendons, and ligaments require regular maintenance to keep them in optimal health. We need to fix that sort of irritating sound our engine is making, in other words.<\/SPAN><\/P> Core FLEX provides a superior way to do so. Core FLEX is an ultra-potent combination of 11 ingredients, verified by clinical research and included in clinical serving sizes, crafted to ensure the maintenance of strong and healthy tendons and ligaments. Best of all, Core FLEX\u2019s all-in-one blend combines the efficacy of single ingredient products, with the synergy of an entire joint product lineup.<\/SPAN><\/P> Physiological Properties and Effects:<\/SPAN><\/P> Chondroitin and Glucosamine:<\/SPAN><\/P> Chondroitin and Glucosamine are substances found naturally in the body, and in particular, in and around the cartilage and other connective tissues.Glucosamine falls within a class of compounds known as amino sugar, and is a precursor to a molecule called glycosaminoglycan. The human body produces and distributes both of these compounds as critical components in the production of cartilage and other connective tissue . It also aids in lubricating and providing thickness to the cartilage around damaged joints. Chondroitin sulfate is a type of glycosaminoglycan and complex carbohydrate rich in sulfur, and is a relative of glucosamine. Chondroitin is one of the major constituents of cartilage, not only providing structure and stability, but also water for the purpose of lubrication.<\/SPAN><\/P> Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM):<\/SPAN><\/P> MSM is a naturally occurring, organosulfur molecule that can be synthesized both naturally and synthetically from DSMO. While the majority of MSM present in the human body is ingested \u2013 either deliberately or accidentally \u2013 the compound does have a natural presence in certain tissues and fluids in the body, including cerebrospinal fluid. MSM appears to assist healthy biochemical communication between cells that may assist joint flexibility and mobility. While still emerging, certain data on MSM appears to show a promising role for the compound in the maintenance of proper joint function. Several studies demonstrate joint function increases on the WOMAC scale ranging from 20-35%, while animal data suggests equally significant results. Though not every trial on MSM reveals such significant results, a meta-analysis conducted in 2011 found that the overwhelming majority of clinical MSM trials featured function improvements over placebo.<\/SPAN><\/P> Cissus quadrangularis:<\/SPAN><\/P> Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) is a plant with a long history of use in traditional and folk medicinal systems, including thousands of years of documented use in the Siddha and Ayurvedic traditions. While the specific use of Cissus in these systems varied, the most common traditional preparations related to analgesia, general tonics, and bone fracture healing. More recent research has developed physiological explanations for CQ\u2019s traditional efficacy, including the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulation of the glucocorticoid system (in animal trials), and the proliferation of osteoblast (bone-forming cell) DNA.<\/SPAN><\/P> Specific to bone formation, there is strong data to suggest that CQ increases the accumulation of compounds known as mucopolysaccharides \u2013 long chain sugar molecules that precede mineralization in the process of bone formation. Think of these compounds sort of like the wet newspaper before it becomes paper mache. As stated, separate research also suggests that extracts of CQ stimulated osteoblastogenesis, the process of forming bone cells.<\/SPAN><\/P> Black cherry extract:<\/SPAN><\/P> Black cherry extract contains a number of beneficial compounds, including high levels of anthocyanin \u2013 an extremely potent anti-inflammatory compound which some animal evidence has shown plays a role in the maintenance of articular jointsIt is rich in antioxidants and catechins, chlorogenic acid, and flavonal glycoside, and has been used to support healthy uric acid levels typically associated with complete joint health.<\/SPAN><\/P> Turmeric (95% curcumin):<\/SPAN><\/P> Tumeric is a root endemic to certain regions of Southeast Asia and India, and has been a staple in the Siddha traditional medicinal system for thousands of years. Tumeric is noted in Siddha texts for various uses, including as an ancient equivalent of an anti-microbial agent.<\/SPAN><\/P> More recently, numerous studies seem to suggest that its primary bioactive constituent, curcumin, powerfully inhibits the enzymes that synthesize inflammatory compounds such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In particular, basic research and molecular studies have now firmly established curcumin\u2019s ability to dose-dependently and potently inhibit a transcription factor known as NF\u2013kB \u2013 a molecule involved in the proliferation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, soft tissue destruction, and autoimmune responses.<\/SPAN><\/P> Though Tumeric contains approximately 5% curcumin by weight, we have used a highly standardized extract of 95% - recognizing that the wealth of research on curcumin demands that it be included in clinical serving sizes.<\/SPAN><\/P> Boswellia (37.5% boswellic acids):<\/SPAN><\/P> Boswellia is a tree resin extract that is a traditional part of Indian medicine. In modern clinical trials the active agenct, boswellic acid, has been found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. Similarly to curcumin, boswellic acids have demonstrated a significant attenuation of NF-kB production in various animal and in vitro assays.<\/SPAN><\/P> Bromelain (2400GDU\/g):<\/SPAN><\/P> Bromelain is a collection of protein-digesting enzymes found in pineapple juice and in the stem of pineapple plants. It has been shown to have a myriad of health benefits including speed of recovery, antioxidant properties, and assisting cardiovascular and circulatory health. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity is not very well understood, but like curcumin and boswellia it appears to support inflammatory marker balance. Numerous studies have shown bromelain\u2019s ability to assist and speed recovery time following various health related procedures.<\/SPAN><\/P> Vitamin C:<\/SPAN><\/P> Vitamin C is not only a powerful antioxidant, but also supports a healthy immune system, protects cells from oxidized particles and free radicals, and assists other physiological functions. A major study by the University of California at Berkeley found that supplementing with 500 milligrams of Vitamin C (the daily serving contained in Core FLEX) led to a 24% reduction in levels of C-reactive protein, a consistent marker of inflammation. In conjunction with the other ingredients, it is important component of strong joints and overall health.<\/SPAN><\/P> Vitamin D3:<\/SPAN><\/P> Vitamin D3 is an essential hormone precursor that plays a vital role in many metabolic functions, including bone health, , immune and cardiovascular health, muscle protein synthesis, and weight management. Although some foods contain Vitamin D3, the human body generates most of its Vitamin D3 needs from the skin through regular exposure to sunlight. Healthy and normal Vitamin D3 levels are essential to maintaining numerous bodily processes, including regulating the pro-inflammatory responses of joints and connective tissues to damage.<\/SPAN><\/P> Piperine (95%):<\/SPAN><\/P> <\/p>\r\n Lemon Lime Sherbet Green Apple Raspberry Chews <\/p>\r\n Lemon Lime Sherbet Green Apple Raspberry Chews <\/p>\r\n Lemon Lime Sherbet Green Apple Raspberry Chews Core FURY Core FURY is a precise mixture of key ingredients that enhance athletic performance and increase mental edge. For athletic performance, creatine monohydrate, l-citrulline, betaine anhydrous, and glycerol are included at, or above, serving sizes suggested by the research. Collectively, these ingredients have been repeatedly demonstrated to increase maximum voluntary contractile force and other measures of power output, increase maximal oxygen uptake capacity, and significantly enhance time measures in standard athletic trials. For cognitive capacity, clarity, and focus, caffeine anhydrous, citicholine, huperzine A, and pregnenolone are also included at, or above, serving sizes suggested by the research. Trials using these ingredients have shown them to increase working memory, reduce cognitive inhibition, and reduce neurological processes typically associated with cognitive decline. <\/SPAN><\/P> Together, our performance and focus ingredients constitute the pinnacle of pre-workout formulas. Core Nutritionals has once again introduced the standard in the category. <\/SPAN><\/P> Scientific write-up<\/SPAN><\/P> L-Citrulline Creatine Monohydrate Betaine Anhydrous: GlycerSize\u2122 (Glycerol Powder 65%) L-Tyrosine Caffeine Anhydrous Vasodrive-AP® Citicoline (Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) Huperzia serrata Extract (leaf and stem) (1% Huperzine A): Pregnenolone: Core FURY Core FURY is a precise mixture of key ingredients that enhance athletic performance and increase mental edge. For athletic performance, creatine monohydrate, l-citrulline, betaine anhydrous, and glycerol are included at, or above, serving sizes suggested by the research. Collectively, these ingredients have been repeatedly demonstrated to increase maximum voluntary contractile force and other measures of power output, increase maximal oxygen uptake capacity, and significantly enhance time measures in standard athletic trials. For cognitive capacity, clarity, and focus, caffeine anhydrous, citicholine, huperzine A, and pregnenolone are also included at, or above, serving sizes suggested by the research. Trials using these ingredients have shown them to increase working memory, reduce cognitive inhibition, and reduce neurological processes typically associated with cognitive decline. <\/SPAN><\/P> Together, our performance and focus ingredients constitute the pinnacle of pre-workout formulas. Core Nutritionals has once again introduced the standard in the category. <\/SPAN><\/P> Scientific write-up<\/SPAN><\/P> L-Citrulline Creatine Monohydrate Betaine Anhydrous: GlycerSize\u2122 (Glycerol Powder 65%) L-Tyrosine Caffeine Anhydrous Vasodrive-AP® Citicoline (Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) Huperzia serrata Extract (leaf and stem) (1% Huperzine A): Pregnenolone: Core FURY Core FURY is a precise mixture of key ingredients that enhance athletic performance and increase mental edge. For athletic performance, creatine monohydrate, l-citrulline, betaine anhydrous, and glycerol are included at, or above, serving sizes suggested by the research. Collectively, these ingredients have been repeatedly demonstrated to increase maximum voluntary contractile force and other measures of power output, increase maximal oxygen uptake capacity, and significantly enhance time measures in standard athletic trials. For cognitive capacity, clarity, and focus, caffeine anhydrous, citicholine, huperzine A, and pregnenolone are also included at, or above, serving sizes suggested by the research. Trials using these ingredients have shown them to increase working memory, reduce cognitive inhibition, and reduce neurological processes typically associated with cognitive decline. <\/SPAN><\/P> Together, our performance and focus ingredients constitute the pinnacle of pre-workout formulas. Core Nutritionals has once again introduced the standard in the category. <\/SPAN><\/P> Scientific write-up<\/SPAN><\/P> L-Citrulline Creatine Monohydrate Betaine Anhydrous: GlycerSize\u2122 (Glycerol Powder 65%) L-Tyrosine Caffeine Anhydrous Vasodrive-AP® Citicoline (Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine) Huperzia serrata Extract (leaf and stem) (1% Huperzine A): Pregnenolone: Core FURY <\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/TD> Amount Per Serving<\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/TD> % Daily Value*<\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/TD><\/TR> <\/SPAN><\/STRONG><\/TD> <\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/TD> <\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/TD><\/TR> Creatine Monohydrate<\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/TD> 5000mg<\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/TD> \u2020<\/STRONG><\/SPAN><\/TD><\/TR><\/TBODY><\/TABLE> \r\n
With these amazing flavors and a candy-like delivery system, your kids will never realize they’re contributing to their healthy growth and development!<\/p>\r\n<\/p>","gtin12":"658580070670","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/multi-kids-1800x1800_1647276251-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/31836\/core-nutritionals-crush-it-kids-multi-gummies-60.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"29.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/31836\/core-nutritionals-crush-it-kids-multi-gummies-60.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals FLEX - 240 Tablets","sku":"CU136","description":"
Don\u2019t leave your recovery to chance.<\/SPAN><\/P>
30 servings per container.
Soft tissue support.<\/SPAN><\/P><\/SPAN><\/DIV>","gtin12":"672975009694","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/core-nutritionals-flex_2766-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/30013\/core-nutritionals-flex-240-tablets.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"41.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/30013\/core-nutritionals-flex-240-tablets.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals FURY AUS Edition Green Apple - 40 Servings","sku":"CU313","description":"
Core Nutritionals FURY AUS Edition (Platinum)
<\/h3>\r\n<\/p>\r\n
Other Ingredients: Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Natural Flavors, Calcium Silicate, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose,
Acesulfame Potassium.
Allergens: Milk.<\/p>\r\n
Other Ingredients: Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavor,
Silicon Dioxide, Calcium Silicate,
Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium.
Allergens: Milk.<\/p>\r\n
Other Ingredients: Natural & Artificial Flavors, Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose,
Acesulfame Potassium, Calcium Silicate.
Allergens: Milk<\/p>","gtin12":"672975315740","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/core-fury-aus-green-app_1635952478-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/31437\/core-nutritionals-fury-aus-edition-green-apple-40.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"54.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/31437\/core-nutritionals-fury-aus-edition-green-apple-40.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals FURY AUS Edition Lemon Lime Sherbet - 40 Servings","sku":"CU312","description":"Core Nutritionals FURY AUS Edition (Platinum)
<\/h3>\r\n<\/p>\r\n
Other Ingredients: Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Natural Flavors, Calcium Silicate, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose,
Acesulfame Potassium.
Allergens: Milk.<\/p>\r\n
Other Ingredients: Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavor,
Silicon Dioxide, Calcium Silicate,
Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium.
Allergens: Milk.<\/p>\r\n
Other Ingredients: Natural & Artificial Flavors, Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose,
Acesulfame Potassium, Calcium Silicate.
Allergens: Milk<\/p>","gtin12":"672975315771","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/core-fury-aus-lemon-lim_1635952433-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/31436\/core-nutritionals-fury-aus-edition-lemon-lime.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"54.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/31436\/core-nutritionals-fury-aus-edition-lemon-lime.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/InStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals FURY AUS Edition Raspberry Chews - 40 Servings","sku":"CU314","description":"Core Nutritionals FURY AUS Edition (Platinum)
<\/h3>\r\n<\/p>\r\n
Other Ingredients: Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Natural Flavors, Calcium Silicate, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose,
Acesulfame Potassium.
Allergens: Milk.<\/p>\r\n
Other Ingredients: Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavor,
Silicon Dioxide, Calcium Silicate,
Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium.
Allergens: Milk.<\/p>\r\n
Other Ingredients: Natural & Artificial Flavors, Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Sucralose,
Acesulfame Potassium, Calcium Silicate.
Allergens: Milk<\/p>","gtin12":"672975315757","image":["https:\/\/siteimgs.com\/10017\/item\/core-fury-aus-raspberry_1635952408-0.jpg"],"brand":"Core Nutritionals","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/31438\/core-nutritionals-fury-aus-edition-raspberry-chew.htm","offers":{"@type":"Offer","priceCurrency":"USD","price":"54.99","url":"https:\/\/www.dpsnutrition.net\/i\/31438\/core-nutritionals-fury-aus-edition-raspberry-chew.htm","itemCondition":"http:\/\/schema.org\/NewCondition","availability":"http:\/\/schema.org\/OutOfStock"}},{"@type":"Product","name":"Core Nutritionals FURY Black Lightning - 20 Servings","sku":"CU122","description":"
Next Generation Pre-workout<\/SPAN><\/P>
Every iteration of our premiere pre-workout, FURY, redefines the category. FURY set the standard for full-spectrum, full serving pre-workouts. FURY X ushered in new, novel ingredients to the industry. For our latest development, we have created a formula so original, so standard setting, that it requires no modifiers. Meet Core FURY. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Citrulline is a non-essential, non-protein amino acid that forms during the urea cycle and forms ornithine when combined with carbon dioxide. Citrulline is also a critical source of endogenous (natural) arginine, as it is rapidly and efficiently converted to arginine in the vascular endothelium and other tissues.
Citrulline\u2019s benefits have been shown to be greater than its parent compound. While arginine undergoes direct hepatic (liver) metabolism through the enzyme arginase, citrulline bypasses hepatic metabolism entirely and it is delivered straight to the bloodstream. The result is that gut absorption and plasma (blood) bioavailability studies comparing citrulline and arginine have shown two things. First, that citrulline is less readily destroyed and has greater absorption than arginine. Second, that citrulline supplementation increases arginine levels more effectively than arginine supplementation itself.
This translates to promising results. For example, animal studies show a significant increase in anaerobic performance at a 250mg\/kg\/day serving of citrulline, while studies in humans implicate citrulline in both aerobic and anaerobic performance increases. As a critical part of the urea cycle, citrulline\u2019s performance benefits are thought to be a result of its role in ammonia clearance. Citrulline is implicated in reducing the oxygen cost of muscle processes, along with increasing the rate of post-exercise ATP and phosphocreatine replenishment. As ATP and phosphocreatine are the body\u2019s \u2018exercise fuel,\u2019 this may result in citrulline delaying time to exhaustion in aerobic and anaerobic exercise.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Sometimes called the \"grandfather\u201d of dietary supplements, creatine is, along with caffeine, one of the most extensively studied dietary compounds. Certainly, it is the most well-studied ergogenic aid. Generally speaking, the extensive amount of data on creatine demonstrates that it positively contributes to dilation of the vasculature, plasma-nutrient mobilization, post-workout nitrogen retention and protein synthesis, along with dose-dependently increasing contractile force through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) provision (i.e., it helps support increased strength).
If the human body could be considered a bank account, then ATP would be the currency, and every cellular process would be like spending a little money from that account. Without making a deposit, the account runs dry (fatigue). Unfortunately, making a direct deposit to that account in the form of exogenous adenosine triphosphate is impossible, given that ATP itself is incredibly unstable. The use of supplemental creatine, however, is analogous to making a deposit in the body\u2019s energy bank, given that creatine is eventually metabolized to ATP via several steps. In skeletal muscle, creatine is first phosphorylated into its primary derivative, known as phosphocreatine (PCr), by the muscle-specific creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB (muscle-brain). Following the phosphorylation of creatine, phosphocreatine may then anaerobically donate a phosphate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form the ATP required during the initial stages of intense muscular contraction. The result is not only an increase in contractile force, but also an increase in potential type IIx (\u2018fast-twitch\u2019) muscle recruitment \u2013 the type of muscle fibers which are not only traditionally associated with speed, strength, and impressive physiques, but which are also unsurprisingly the most energy-demanding fiber types. Literally speaking, creatine contributes to the building of muscle.
Both through the ATP provision just described, as well as effects on nutrient mobilization, protein-sparing, and fluid dynamics, creatine has been consistently demonstrated to increase both lean mass and muscle mass in clinical data. In the short-term, these effects are most likely the result of extra-cellular fluid retention normally associated with exogenous creatine use. In the long term, these effects are likely attributable to creatine\u2019s collective effect on muscle metabolism. The most recent research on creatine suggests it exerts direct effects on muscle metabolism, including altering the expression of genes responsible for ribosomal assembly, attenuating the breakdown of leucine, and most famously, by expanding cell volume. Cutting through the jargon, let us just say that the amount of creatine monohydrate contained in Core FURY simply works: these servings have been shown time and again to significantly increase lean body mass and muscle volume, lower fatigue, and improve performance (measured in several ways). <\/SPAN><\/P>
Betaine (trimethyl glycine) is found naturally in most living organisms. It is well known to protect non-mammalian animal life in conditions of osmotic stress (a rapid change in the amount of solute surrounding a cell), in addition to functioning as an osmolyte in mammalian (including human) tissues. Betaine is formed in cells as an oxidation product of choline and can be obtained in the diet from foods such as spinach and beets.
Though data on betaine is limited, and recent, the available literature suggests that this compound may have effects in a few areas. Studies on betaine using servings as little as 1.25g\/day and up to 5g\/day for up to 14 days have shown promising results. In one study, a 2.5g\/day serving was found to enhance endurance and total repetition volume for the squat, bench press, and jump squat in in healthy-exercised trained adults. A similar study using the same serving found that betaine use increased peak power and maximum peak power, along with force and the maintenance of both force and power in healthy, exercise-trained subjects.
Perhaps more interesting, however, is a study which examined betaine\u2019s effect on the endocrine system. This study revealed that betaine may exert an effect on several endocrine processes given the proper conditions, causing the authors to hypothesize that long(er) term betaine supplementation may increase the hypertrophic response to resistance training. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Glycerol is a fascinating and highly useful compound that has achieved a somewhat cult status in the fitness community \u2013 while both peer-reviewed research and anecdotal reports centered on the endurance functions of glycerol are plentiful, its bodybuilding applications are not as widely lauded. Those who do use glycerol, however, are persistent in their belief that it provides some of the most noticeable, and effective, engorging (\"pump\u201d) effects possible.
Glycerol has been well-established as a so-called, \"hyperhydrating agent\u201d because of its ability to potently and positively affect plasma (blood) osmolality. As an incredibly powerful osmotic agent, and when combined with large quantities of water, glycerol induces the intracellular retention of fluid (not the extracellular kind, you do not want) that would otherwise be renally excreted. Various research has shown that glycerol\u2019s capacity to positively affect osmolality and expand fluid volume (an increase in total body water) has beneficial effects on performance and physiologic function.
Studies that administered glycerol before both moderate and high endurance fitness tests found that glycerol reduced increases to core temperature, caused athletes to exercise significantly longer before fatigue, reduced urinary elimination of water and increased total body water content, and, in several studies, significantly improved intramuscular water expansion. In less complex terms, this means glycerol has been demonstrated to keep your muscles hydrated, significantly increase the ever-desired, \"pump effect\u201d of muscle engorgement, and, maybe most importantly when it comes to a supplement formulation, deliver and keep more nutrients where they are needed (inside the muscle).
Until recently, however, most of these studies noted a significant drawback: the low glycerol concentration of market-available glycerol products forced researchers to test glycerol loads that were significantly higher than average use cases. Core FURY uses GlycerSize\u2122 to overcome precisely this problem.
GlycerSize® is a highly-concentrated (65%) form of glycerol that offers greater water stability, and therefore potency, as compared to standard GMS (glycerol monostearate). Of particular interest to bodybuilders, GlycerSize\u2019s greater potency translates to even greater levels of intramuscular water retention \u2013 keyword, intramuscular, and therefore no bloat \u2013 over GMS. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Tyrosine is amongst a class of amino acids known as \u2018non-essential\u2019 amino acids, so called because the body can produce them endogenously, and it is therefore not essential to consume dietary tyrosine. That said, tyrosine is also what is known as a conditionally-essential amino acid; conditionally-essential because, along with glucose and ammonia, the synthesis of tyrosine additionally requires adequate levels of phenylalanine. Once synthesized, tyrosine is one of the most critical amino acids, given its prominent role as a substrate in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, in addition to both T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) thyroid hormones.
In studies on stress modulation, tyrosine has been demonstrated to reverse stress-induced norepinephrine depletion and the depressant-behavioral effects normally associated with it. In simpler terms, tyrosine may, in certain conditions, dampen the extent to which norepinephrine is removed from the bloodstream during a stress event. In simpler terms still, tyrosine may help to mitigate the sense of depletion and fatigue felt at the end of a workout.
Tyrosine may also play important metabolic functions, mostly related to its role in synthesizing compounds which stimulate the nervous system. While not traditionally considered a sympathomimetic amine, studies which have coadministered tyrosine and stimulants demonstrate a synergistic effect. These studies suggest that tyrosine may potentiate the effects of both endogenous and supplemental norepinephrine and its mimetics (in the case of exogenous use) with respect to lipolysis, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. Meaning that tyrosine may play a role in assisting norepinephrine to break up triglycerides and increase body heat transiently.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed, and perhaps one of the most reviewed, psychoactive compounds. Its physiological effects in a range of areas have been well-documented, including exercise performance, information processing, alertness and mood enhancement, attention, and awareness, along with its anti-lipogenic and lipolytic abilities.
Most importantly to Core FURY, caffeine has been shown to have significant effects on exercise performance, even with ingestion in servings as small 3 to 9mg\/kg\/bw\/day (the equivalent of 2 cups of standard coffee, for a 170lb male). In endurance training, possible explanations for caffeine\u2019s performance-enhancing effects lie in its metabolic effects on both lean and fat tissue. It is suggested that caffeine\u2019s potent lipolytic (the breakdown of fat tissue into fatty acids) and oxidative (the actual \u2018burning\u2019 of fat) action allow the body to utilize these sources during prolonged submaximal exercise. As a consequence, muscle glycogen is spared and available for use later in the training session. Practically speaking, this means caffeine is forcing your body to preferentially use fat tissue as a fuel source, while sparing the glycogen which gives you the full-bodied look!
In short-term exercise, caffeine\u2019s demonstrated role in the inhibition of cyclic AMP- phosphodiesterases (PDE), adenosine receptor antagonism, and adrenoreceptor agonism come into play. These three pathways collectively stimulate lipolytic activity, boost fat metabolism, increase metabolic rate and energy expenditure, and regulate the body\u2019s thermogenic activity. The practical results of activating these pathways are increases to the contractile force of both cardiac and skeletal muscle (harder flexion), an increase in energy expenditure (freeing up more caloric energy to be used in contraction), dilation of vasculature (better blood flow), and improvements to both nitrogen retention and skeletal muscle protein synthesis (key components to muscle building).
In Core FURY, we have included a per-serving amount of caffeine that is neither excessive, nor arbitrary, but that instead reflects the servings used in clinical research.<\/SPAN><\/P>
VasoDrive-AP is a proprietary ingredient derived from fermented casein. The fermentation process produces two lactotripeptides, Valyl-Prolyl-Proline (VPP) and Isoleucyl-Prolyl-Proline(IPP). Based on the available clinical evidence, these tri-peptides work together to reduce angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).
In a recent meta-analysis researchers found 30 studies \u2013 all of which were randomized and some of which were double-blind \u2013 wherein Valyl-Prolyl-Proline (VPP) and Isoleucyl-Prolyl-Proline (IPP), either alone or in combination, exerted a statistically significant effect on improving endothelial function. In one of the analyzed studies, 25 men were challenged with casein hydrolysate standardized for tri-peptides in a randomized and placebo-controlled design. At the conclusion of the study, forearm bloodflow, a key measure of endothelial function, was found to be increased by 33%. The researchers in this and other studies demonstrate that the tri-pepdtides that constitute VasoDrive AP exert an inhibitory effect on ACE. ACE, in turn, is a critical component of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) system, which regulates hemodynamics by controlling plasma fluid volume. While the precise mechanism has not been elucidated, researchers believe that the lactotripeptides in VasoDrive AP competitively inhibit ACE, thus decreasing the metabolism of bradykinin and systematically dilating the arteries and veins. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Choline is an essential nutrient involved in numerous metabolic pathways, including DNA regulation and repair, protein function, and metabolism. Perhaps most importantly, the critical neurotransmitter acetylcholine is produced directly from free choline via cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine is then responsible for several functions itself, most crucially as the compound which induces muscular contraction, and as the neuromodulator partially responsible for modulating risk\/reward, arousal, and enhancing memory.
Choline\u2019s essential role as a substrate for acetylcholine, and therefore brain development, is well documented in animal models. These studies demonstrate that levels of free maternal choline have a direct and fundamental impact on prenatal brain development, with the enhancements or deficits lasting into adulthood. Choline\u2019s enhancing effect is particularly prominent in the hippocampus. In humans, the hippocampus is primarily involved in the consolidation of memory (taking short, episodic memory and translating it into long-term memory) and the learning of new information. Acetylcholine is a critical component in these processes, as mentioned above, and choline may therefore play a potential role in these processes as well by providing the substrate for acetylcholine synthesis.
Tartaric acid occurs naturally in the food source, while its salt derivatives (tartrate, for example) have been used as acidulants, antioxidant synergists, buffers and sequestrants. As free base choline is rapidly destroyed in metabolism, attaching a salt to enhance absorption is necessary. The bitartrate salt addition preserves choline from being destroyed during metabolism.
CDP-choline, or citicholine, is a cytidine molecule bound to a choline molecule via two phosphate groups (hence the diphosphocholine). The principal difference between standard choline supplementation as, say, choline bitartrate, and citicholine, is that citicholine is a cytidine supplier in addition. The combination of cytidine and choline in a single-source confers not only the direct effects of each ingredient on cognition and memory \u2013 but also factors significantly into choline biosynthesis.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Huperzia serrata is a compound found in the plant families of Huperziaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Selaginella.and is endemic to China. The Lycopodium alkaloid Huperizin-A, found in Core FURY, was first isolated from a folk medicinal preparation in 1984.
Due to the potent anticholinesterase activities of Huperzine A, the compound was been evaluated in numerous in vitro, in vivo, and human trials. These data suggest that Huperzine\u2019s Ache activities are most potent in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum (at least in rats) \u2013 key regions in the brain responsible for forming, coordinating, and recalling memory. These effects are assisted by Huperzine A\u2019s high oral bioavailability. Studies using microdialysis technique in rats, for example, showed that the response to Huperzine A was dose-dependent and substantially lowered the level of ACh in cortex.
Huperzine A has also shown promise in humans. In a study on memory and learning performance, 34 pairs of middle school students complaining of memory inadequacy were given a small dose of Huperzine A. The students were then match paired along a number of vectors and provided tests on working memory. The results of this study exhibited that HupA markedly improved the memory function of adolescent students<\/SPAN><\/P>
Pregnenolone, or pregn-5-en-3\u00df-ol-20-one, is known as the grandmother hormone due to its precursor role in the endogenous biosynthesis of most steroid hormones. Pregnenolone also has potent intrinsic activity, however, functioning as a neurosteroid. In that capacity, pregnenolone has been investigated as a mechanistically novel agent for treating cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with schizophrenia and other mood disorders.
Pregnenolone has been demonstrated to enhance learning and memory in animal models at physiologically relevant concentrations. For example, acute administration of pregnenolone or pregnenolone sulfate to rodents results in increased performance along several standardized tests \u2013 including maze tests given to rodents to test working memory. Additionally, pregnenolone appears to prevent learning and memory deficits induced by NDMA receptor agonists. These results suggest that pregnenolone\u2019s cognitive functions are at least partially explained by modulating the NMDA receptors \u2013 critical receptors involved in numerous neurological processes. <\/SPAN><\/P><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/DIV>
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Q. Q. Sun, S. S. Xu, J. L. Pan, H. M. Guo, W. Q. Cao. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 20, 601 (1999).
Henderson E, Weinberg M, Wright WA (April 1950). \"Pregnenolone\". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 10 (4): 455\u201374. doi:10.1210\/jcem-10-4-455. PMID 15415436.
Marx CE, Bradford DW, Hamer RM, et al. (September 2011). \"Pregnenolone as a novel therapeutic candidate in schizophrenia: emerging preclinical and clinical evidence\". Neuroscience. 191: 78\u201390. doi:10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.06.076. PMID 21756978.
Vallée M, Mayo W, Le Moal M (November 2001). \"Role of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and their sulfate esters on learning and memory in cognitive aging\". Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews. 37 (1\u20133): 301\u201312. doi:10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00135-7. PMID 11744095.
Vallée M (2016). \"Neurosteroids and potential therapeutics: Focus on pregnenolone\". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 160: 78\u201387. doi:10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.09.030. PMID 26433186.
Pertwee, Roger G. (2015), \"Endocannabinoids and Their Pharmacological Actions\", Endocannabinoids, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 231, Springer International Publishing, pp. 1\u201337, doi:10.1007\/978-3-319-20825-1_1, ISBN 9783319208244, PMID 26408156
Vallée, M., Vitiello, S., Bellocchio, L., Hébert-Chatelain, E., Monlezun, S., Martin-Garcia, E., Kasanetz, F., Baillie, GL., Panin, F., Cathala, A., Roullot-Lacarri\u00e8re, V., Fabre, S., Hurst, DP., Lynch, DL., Shore, DM., Deroche-Gamonet, V., Spampinato, U., Revest, JM., Maldonado, R., Reggio, PH., Ross, RA., Marsicano, G., Piazza, PV. [1], \"Pregnenolone Can Protect the Brain from Cannabis Intoxication\", Science, January 2014 Science 343(6166):94-8.
Mellon SH (2007). \"Neurosteroid regulation of central nervous system development\". Pharmacol. Ther. 116 (1): 107\u201324. doi:10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.04.011. PMC 2386997. PMID 17651807.
Turpeinen, A.; Kumpu, M.; R\u00f6nnback, M.; Seppo, L.; Kautiainen, H.; Jauhiainen, T.; Vapaatalo, H.; Korpela, R. Antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering effects of a spread containing bioactive peptides IPP and VPP and plant sterols. J. Funct. Food 2009, 1, 260\u2013265.
Turpeinen, A.; Ikonen, M.; Kivimaki, A.S.; Kautiainen, H.; Vapaatalo, H.; Korpela, R. A spread containing bioactive milk peptides Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro, and plant sterols has antuhypertensive and cholesterol-lowering effects. Food Funct. 2012, 3, 621\u2013627.
Jauhiainen, T.; R\u00f6nnback, M.; Vapaatalo, H.; Wuolle, K.; Kautiainen, H.; Korpela, R. Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk reduced arterial stiffness in hypertensive subjects. Int. Dairy J. 2007, 17, 1209\u20131211.
Usinger, L.; Ibsen, H.; Linneberg, A.; Azizi, M.; Flambard, B.; Jensen, L. Human in vivo study of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic activity after 8 weeks daily intake of fermented milk. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 2010, 30, 162\u2013168.
Itakura, H.; Ikemoto, S.; Terada, S.; Konodo, K. The effect of sour milk on blood pressure in untreated hypertensive and normotensive subjects. J. Jpn. Soc. Clin. Nutr. 2001, 23, 26\u201331.
Hirota, T.; Ohki, K.; Kawagishi, R.; Kajimoto, Y.; Mizuno, S.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitakaze, M. Casein hydrolysate containing the antihypertensive tripeptides Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro improves vascular endothelial function independent of blood pressure-lowering effects: Contribution of the inhibitory action of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertens. Res. 2007, 30, 489\u2013496.
Yasuda, K.; Aihara, K.; Komazaki, K.; Mochii, M.; Nakamura, Y. Effect of large intake of tablets containing \"lactotripeptides (VPP, IPP)\u201d on blood pressure, pulse rate and clinical parameters in healthy volunteers. J. Nutr. Food 2001, 4, 63\u201372.
Ishida, Y.; Sagitani, A.; Kaneko, K.; Nakamura, Y.; Mizutani, J.; Masuda, O.; Watanabe, M.; Sato, S.; Shioya, N. Antihypertensive effects of the tablet containing \"lactotripeptide (IPP, VPP)\u201d in subjects with high normal blood pressure or mild hypertension. J. Pharmacol. Ther. 2007, 35, 1249\u20131260
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Next Generation Pre-workout<\/SPAN><\/P>
Every iteration of our premiere pre-workout, FURY, redefines the category. FURY set the standard for full-spectrum, full serving pre-workouts. FURY X ushered in new, novel ingredients to the industry. For our latest development, we have created a formula so original, so standard setting, that it requires no modifiers. Meet Core FURY. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Citrulline is a non-essential, non-protein amino acid that forms during the urea cycle and forms ornithine when combined with carbon dioxide. Citrulline is also a critical source of endogenous (natural) arginine, as it is rapidly and efficiently converted to arginine in the vascular endothelium and other tissues.
Citrulline\u2019s benefits have been shown to be greater than its parent compound. While arginine undergoes direct hepatic (liver) metabolism through the enzyme arginase, citrulline bypasses hepatic metabolism entirely and it is delivered straight to the bloodstream. The result is that gut absorption and plasma (blood) bioavailability studies comparing citrulline and arginine have shown two things. First, that citrulline is less readily destroyed and has greater absorption than arginine. Second, that citrulline supplementation increases arginine levels more effectively than arginine supplementation itself.
This translates to promising results. For example, animal studies show a significant increase in anaerobic performance at a 250mg\/kg\/day serving of citrulline, while studies in humans implicate citrulline in both aerobic and anaerobic performance increases. As a critical part of the urea cycle, citrulline\u2019s performance benefits are thought to be a result of its role in ammonia clearance. Citrulline is implicated in reducing the oxygen cost of muscle processes, along with increasing the rate of post-exercise ATP and phosphocreatine replenishment. As ATP and phosphocreatine are the body\u2019s \u2018exercise fuel,\u2019 this may result in citrulline delaying time to exhaustion in aerobic and anaerobic exercise.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Sometimes called the \"grandfather\u201d of dietary supplements, creatine is, along with caffeine, one of the most extensively studied dietary compounds. Certainly, it is the most well-studied ergogenic aid. Generally speaking, the extensive amount of data on creatine demonstrates that it positively contributes to dilation of the vasculature, plasma-nutrient mobilization, post-workout nitrogen retention and protein synthesis, along with dose-dependently increasing contractile force through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) provision (i.e., it helps support increased strength).
If the human body could be considered a bank account, then ATP would be the currency, and every cellular process would be like spending a little money from that account. Without making a deposit, the account runs dry (fatigue). Unfortunately, making a direct deposit to that account in the form of exogenous adenosine triphosphate is impossible, given that ATP itself is incredibly unstable. The use of supplemental creatine, however, is analogous to making a deposit in the body\u2019s energy bank, given that creatine is eventually metabolized to ATP via several steps. In skeletal muscle, creatine is first phosphorylated into its primary derivative, known as phosphocreatine (PCr), by the muscle-specific creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB (muscle-brain). Following the phosphorylation of creatine, phosphocreatine may then anaerobically donate a phosphate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form the ATP required during the initial stages of intense muscular contraction. The result is not only an increase in contractile force, but also an increase in potential type IIx (\u2018fast-twitch\u2019) muscle recruitment \u2013 the type of muscle fibers which are not only traditionally associated with speed, strength, and impressive physiques, but which are also unsurprisingly the most energy-demanding fiber types. Literally speaking, creatine contributes to the building of muscle.
Both through the ATP provision just described, as well as effects on nutrient mobilization, protein-sparing, and fluid dynamics, creatine has been consistently demonstrated to increase both lean mass and muscle mass in clinical data. In the short-term, these effects are most likely the result of extra-cellular fluid retention normally associated with exogenous creatine use. In the long term, these effects are likely attributable to creatine\u2019s collective effect on muscle metabolism. The most recent research on creatine suggests it exerts direct effects on muscle metabolism, including altering the expression of genes responsible for ribosomal assembly, attenuating the breakdown of leucine, and most famously, by expanding cell volume. Cutting through the jargon, let us just say that the amount of creatine monohydrate contained in Core FURY simply works: these servings have been shown time and again to significantly increase lean body mass and muscle volume, lower fatigue, and improve performance (measured in several ways). <\/SPAN><\/P>
Betaine (trimethyl glycine) is found naturally in most living organisms. It is well known to protect non-mammalian animal life in conditions of osmotic stress (a rapid change in the amount of solute surrounding a cell), in addition to functioning as an osmolyte in mammalian (including human) tissues. Betaine is formed in cells as an oxidation product of choline and can be obtained in the diet from foods such as spinach and beets.
Though data on betaine is limited, and recent, the available literature suggests that this compound may have effects in a few areas. Studies on betaine using servings as little as 1.25g\/day and up to 5g\/day for up to 14 days have shown promising results. In one study, a 2.5g\/day serving was found to enhance endurance and total repetition volume for the squat, bench press, and jump squat in in healthy-exercised trained adults. A similar study using the same serving found that betaine use increased peak power and maximum peak power, along with force and the maintenance of both force and power in healthy, exercise-trained subjects.
Perhaps more interesting, however, is a study which examined betaine\u2019s effect on the endocrine system. This study revealed that betaine may exert an effect on several endocrine processes given the proper conditions, causing the authors to hypothesize that long(er) term betaine supplementation may increase the hypertrophic response to resistance training. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Glycerol is a fascinating and highly useful compound that has achieved a somewhat cult status in the fitness community \u2013 while both peer-reviewed research and anecdotal reports centered on the endurance functions of glycerol are plentiful, its bodybuilding applications are not as widely lauded. Those who do use glycerol, however, are persistent in their belief that it provides some of the most noticeable, and effective, engorging (\"pump\u201d) effects possible.
Glycerol has been well-established as a so-called, \"hyperhydrating agent\u201d because of its ability to potently and positively affect plasma (blood) osmolality. As an incredibly powerful osmotic agent, and when combined with large quantities of water, glycerol induces the intracellular retention of fluid (not the extracellular kind, you do not want) that would otherwise be renally excreted. Various research has shown that glycerol\u2019s capacity to positively affect osmolality and expand fluid volume (an increase in total body water) has beneficial effects on performance and physiologic function.
Studies that administered glycerol before both moderate and high endurance fitness tests found that glycerol reduced increases to core temperature, caused athletes to exercise significantly longer before fatigue, reduced urinary elimination of water and increased total body water content, and, in several studies, significantly improved intramuscular water expansion. In less complex terms, this means glycerol has been demonstrated to keep your muscles hydrated, significantly increase the ever-desired, \"pump effect\u201d of muscle engorgement, and, maybe most importantly when it comes to a supplement formulation, deliver and keep more nutrients where they are needed (inside the muscle).
Until recently, however, most of these studies noted a significant drawback: the low glycerol concentration of market-available glycerol products forced researchers to test glycerol loads that were significantly higher than average use cases. Core FURY uses GlycerSize\u2122 to overcome precisely this problem.
GlycerSize® is a highly-concentrated (65%) form of glycerol that offers greater water stability, and therefore potency, as compared to standard GMS (glycerol monostearate). Of particular interest to bodybuilders, GlycerSize\u2019s greater potency translates to even greater levels of intramuscular water retention \u2013 keyword, intramuscular, and therefore no bloat \u2013 over GMS. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Tyrosine is amongst a class of amino acids known as \u2018non-essential\u2019 amino acids, so called because the body can produce them endogenously, and it is therefore not essential to consume dietary tyrosine. That said, tyrosine is also what is known as a conditionally-essential amino acid; conditionally-essential because, along with glucose and ammonia, the synthesis of tyrosine additionally requires adequate levels of phenylalanine. Once synthesized, tyrosine is one of the most critical amino acids, given its prominent role as a substrate in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, in addition to both T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) thyroid hormones.
In studies on stress modulation, tyrosine has been demonstrated to reverse stress-induced norepinephrine depletion and the depressant-behavioral effects normally associated with it. In simpler terms, tyrosine may, in certain conditions, dampen the extent to which norepinephrine is removed from the bloodstream during a stress event. In simpler terms still, tyrosine may help to mitigate the sense of depletion and fatigue felt at the end of a workout.
Tyrosine may also play important metabolic functions, mostly related to its role in synthesizing compounds which stimulate the nervous system. While not traditionally considered a sympathomimetic amine, studies which have coadministered tyrosine and stimulants demonstrate a synergistic effect. These studies suggest that tyrosine may potentiate the effects of both endogenous and supplemental norepinephrine and its mimetics (in the case of exogenous use) with respect to lipolysis, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. Meaning that tyrosine may play a role in assisting norepinephrine to break up triglycerides and increase body heat transiently.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed, and perhaps one of the most reviewed, psychoactive compounds. Its physiological effects in a range of areas have been well-documented, including exercise performance, information processing, alertness and mood enhancement, attention, and awareness, along with its anti-lipogenic and lipolytic abilities.
Most importantly to Core FURY, caffeine has been shown to have significant effects on exercise performance, even with ingestion in servings as small 3 to 9mg\/kg\/bw\/day (the equivalent of 2 cups of standard coffee, for a 170lb male). In endurance training, possible explanations for caffeine\u2019s performance-enhancing effects lie in its metabolic effects on both lean and fat tissue. It is suggested that caffeine\u2019s potent lipolytic (the breakdown of fat tissue into fatty acids) and oxidative (the actual \u2018burning\u2019 of fat) action allow the body to utilize these sources during prolonged submaximal exercise. As a consequence, muscle glycogen is spared and available for use later in the training session. Practically speaking, this means caffeine is forcing your body to preferentially use fat tissue as a fuel source, while sparing the glycogen which gives you the full-bodied look!
In short-term exercise, caffeine\u2019s demonstrated role in the inhibition of cyclic AMP- phosphodiesterases (PDE), adenosine receptor antagonism, and adrenoreceptor agonism come into play. These three pathways collectively stimulate lipolytic activity, boost fat metabolism, increase metabolic rate and energy expenditure, and regulate the body\u2019s thermogenic activity. The practical results of activating these pathways are increases to the contractile force of both cardiac and skeletal muscle (harder flexion), an increase in energy expenditure (freeing up more caloric energy to be used in contraction), dilation of vasculature (better blood flow), and improvements to both nitrogen retention and skeletal muscle protein synthesis (key components to muscle building).
In Core FURY, we have included a per-serving amount of caffeine that is neither excessive, nor arbitrary, but that instead reflects the servings used in clinical research.<\/SPAN><\/P>
VasoDrive-AP is a proprietary ingredient derived from fermented casein. The fermentation process produces two lactotripeptides, Valyl-Prolyl-Proline (VPP) and Isoleucyl-Prolyl-Proline(IPP). Based on the available clinical evidence, these tri-peptides work together to reduce angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).
In a recent meta-analysis researchers found 30 studies \u2013 all of which were randomized and some of which were double-blind \u2013 wherein Valyl-Prolyl-Proline (VPP) and Isoleucyl-Prolyl-Proline (IPP), either alone or in combination, exerted a statistically significant effect on improving endothelial function. In one of the analyzed studies, 25 men were challenged with casein hydrolysate standardized for tri-peptides in a randomized and placebo-controlled design. At the conclusion of the study, forearm bloodflow, a key measure of endothelial function, was found to be increased by 33%. The researchers in this and other studies demonstrate that the tri-pepdtides that constitute VasoDrive AP exert an inhibitory effect on ACE. ACE, in turn, is a critical component of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) system, which regulates hemodynamics by controlling plasma fluid volume. While the precise mechanism has not been elucidated, researchers believe that the lactotripeptides in VasoDrive AP competitively inhibit ACE, thus decreasing the metabolism of bradykinin and systematically dilating the arteries and veins. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Choline is an essential nutrient involved in numerous metabolic pathways, including DNA regulation and repair, protein function, and metabolism. Perhaps most importantly, the critical neurotransmitter acetylcholine is produced directly from free choline via cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine is then responsible for several functions itself, most crucially as the compound which induces muscular contraction, and as the neuromodulator partially responsible for modulating risk\/reward, arousal, and enhancing memory.
Choline\u2019s essential role as a substrate for acetylcholine, and therefore brain development, is well documented in animal models. These studies demonstrate that levels of free maternal choline have a direct and fundamental impact on prenatal brain development, with the enhancements or deficits lasting into adulthood. Choline\u2019s enhancing effect is particularly prominent in the hippocampus. In humans, the hippocampus is primarily involved in the consolidation of memory (taking short, episodic memory and translating it into long-term memory) and the learning of new information. Acetylcholine is a critical component in these processes, as mentioned above, and choline may therefore play a potential role in these processes as well by providing the substrate for acetylcholine synthesis.
Tartaric acid occurs naturally in the food source, while its salt derivatives (tartrate, for example) have been used as acidulants, antioxidant synergists, buffers and sequestrants. As free base choline is rapidly destroyed in metabolism, attaching a salt to enhance absorption is necessary. The bitartrate salt addition preserves choline from being destroyed during metabolism.
CDP-choline, or citicholine, is a cytidine molecule bound to a choline molecule via two phosphate groups (hence the diphosphocholine). The principal difference between standard choline supplementation as, say, choline bitartrate, and citicholine, is that citicholine is a cytidine supplier in addition. The combination of cytidine and choline in a single-source confers not only the direct effects of each ingredient on cognition and memory \u2013 but also factors significantly into choline biosynthesis.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Huperzia serrata is a compound found in the plant families of Huperziaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Selaginella.and is endemic to China. The Lycopodium alkaloid Huperizin-A, found in Core FURY, was first isolated from a folk medicinal preparation in 1984.
Due to the potent anticholinesterase activities of Huperzine A, the compound was been evaluated in numerous in vitro, in vivo, and human trials. These data suggest that Huperzine\u2019s Ache activities are most potent in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum (at least in rats) \u2013 key regions in the brain responsible for forming, coordinating, and recalling memory. These effects are assisted by Huperzine A\u2019s high oral bioavailability. Studies using microdialysis technique in rats, for example, showed that the response to Huperzine A was dose-dependent and substantially lowered the level of ACh in cortex.
Huperzine A has also shown promise in humans. In a study on memory and learning performance, 34 pairs of middle school students complaining of memory inadequacy were given a small dose of Huperzine A. The students were then match paired along a number of vectors and provided tests on working memory. The results of this study exhibited that HupA markedly improved the memory function of adolescent students<\/SPAN><\/P>
Pregnenolone, or pregn-5-en-3\u00df-ol-20-one, is known as the grandmother hormone due to its precursor role in the endogenous biosynthesis of most steroid hormones. Pregnenolone also has potent intrinsic activity, however, functioning as a neurosteroid. In that capacity, pregnenolone has been investigated as a mechanistically novel agent for treating cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with schizophrenia and other mood disorders.
Pregnenolone has been demonstrated to enhance learning and memory in animal models at physiologically relevant concentrations. For example, acute administration of pregnenolone or pregnenolone sulfate to rodents results in increased performance along several standardized tests \u2013 including maze tests given to rodents to test working memory. Additionally, pregnenolone appears to prevent learning and memory deficits induced by NDMA receptor agonists. These results suggest that pregnenolone\u2019s cognitive functions are at least partially explained by modulating the NMDA receptors \u2013 critical receptors involved in numerous neurological processes. <\/SPAN><\/P><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/DIV>
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del Favero S, Roschel H, Artioli G, Ugrinowitsch C, Tricoli V, Costa A, Barroso R, Negrelli AL, Otaduy MC, da Costa Leite C, Lancha-Junior AH, Gualano B. Creatine but not betaine supplementation increases muscle phosphorylcreatine content and strength performance. Amino Acids. 2012 Jun;42(6):2299-305.
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Zeisel SH. Choline: an essential nutrient for humans. Nutrition 2000;16:669\u201371.
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Blusztajn JK, Wurtman RJ. Choline and cholinergic neurons. Science 1983;221:614\u201320.
Meck WH, Smith RA, Williams CL. Pre- and postnatal choline supplementation produces long-term facilitation of spatial memory. Dev Psychobiol 1988;21:339\u201353.
Buchman AL, Sohel M, Moukarzel A, et al. Plasma choline in normal newborns, infants, toddlers, and in very-low-birth-weight neonates requiring total parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 2001;17:18\u201321.
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Mellott TJ, Williams CL, Meck WH, Blusztajn JK. Prenatal choline supplementation advances hippocampal development and enhances MAPK and CREB activation. FASEB J 2004;18:545\u20137
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Urology, Jan 2011, 77(1):119-22. Oral L-citrulline supplementation improves erection hardness in men with mild erectile dysfunction
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Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res. (2010)
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Vallée M, Mayo W, Le Moal M (November 2001). \"Role of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and their sulfate esters on learning and memory in cognitive aging\". Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews. 37 (1\u20133): 301\u201312. doi:10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00135-7. PMID 11744095.
Vallée M (2016). \"Neurosteroids and potential therapeutics: Focus on pregnenolone\". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 160: 78\u201387. doi:10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.09.030. PMID 26433186.
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Vallée, M., Vitiello, S., Bellocchio, L., Hébert-Chatelain, E., Monlezun, S., Martin-Garcia, E., Kasanetz, F., Baillie, GL., Panin, F., Cathala, A., Roullot-Lacarri\u00e8re, V., Fabre, S., Hurst, DP., Lynch, DL., Shore, DM., Deroche-Gamonet, V., Spampinato, U., Revest, JM., Maldonado, R., Reggio, PH., Ross, RA., Marsicano, G., Piazza, PV. [1], \"Pregnenolone Can Protect the Brain from Cannabis Intoxication\", Science, January 2014 Science 343(6166):94-8.
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Turpeinen, A.; Kumpu, M.; R\u00f6nnback, M.; Seppo, L.; Kautiainen, H.; Jauhiainen, T.; Vapaatalo, H.; Korpela, R. Antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering effects of a spread containing bioactive peptides IPP and VPP and plant sterols. J. Funct. Food 2009, 1, 260\u2013265.
Turpeinen, A.; Ikonen, M.; Kivimaki, A.S.; Kautiainen, H.; Vapaatalo, H.; Korpela, R. A spread containing bioactive milk peptides Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro, and plant sterols has antuhypertensive and cholesterol-lowering effects. Food Funct. 2012, 3, 621\u2013627.
Jauhiainen, T.; R\u00f6nnback, M.; Vapaatalo, H.; Wuolle, K.; Kautiainen, H.; Korpela, R. Lactobacillus helveticus fermented milk reduced arterial stiffness in hypertensive subjects. Int. Dairy J. 2007, 17, 1209\u20131211.
Usinger, L.; Ibsen, H.; Linneberg, A.; Azizi, M.; Flambard, B.; Jensen, L. Human in vivo study of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic activity after 8 weeks daily intake of fermented milk. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 2010, 30, 162\u2013168.
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Hirota, T.; Ohki, K.; Kawagishi, R.; Kajimoto, Y.; Mizuno, S.; Nakamura, Y.; Kitakaze, M. Casein hydrolysate containing the antihypertensive tripeptides Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro improves vascular endothelial function independent of blood pressure-lowering effects: Contribution of the inhibitory action of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hypertens. Res. 2007, 30, 489\u2013496.
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Next Generation Pre-workout<\/SPAN><\/P>
Every iteration of our premiere pre-workout, FURY, redefines the category. FURY set the standard for full-spectrum, full serving pre-workouts. FURY X ushered in new, novel ingredients to the industry. For our latest development, we have created a formula so original, so standard setting, that it requires no modifiers. Meet Core FURY. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Citrulline is a non-essential, non-protein amino acid that forms during the urea cycle and forms ornithine when combined with carbon dioxide. Citrulline is also a critical source of endogenous (natural) arginine, as it is rapidly and efficiently converted to arginine in the vascular endothelium and other tissues.
Citrulline\u2019s benefits have been shown to be greater than its parent compound. While arginine undergoes direct hepatic (liver) metabolism through the enzyme arginase, citrulline bypasses hepatic metabolism entirely and it is delivered straight to the bloodstream. The result is that gut absorption and plasma (blood) bioavailability studies comparing citrulline and arginine have shown two things. First, that citrulline is less readily destroyed and has greater absorption than arginine. Second, that citrulline supplementation increases arginine levels more effectively than arginine supplementation itself.
This translates to promising results. For example, animal studies show a significant increase in anaerobic performance at a 250mg\/kg\/day serving of citrulline, while studies in humans implicate citrulline in both aerobic and anaerobic performance increases. As a critical part of the urea cycle, citrulline\u2019s performance benefits are thought to be a result of its role in ammonia clearance. Citrulline is implicated in reducing the oxygen cost of muscle processes, along with increasing the rate of post-exercise ATP and phosphocreatine replenishment. As ATP and phosphocreatine are the body\u2019s \u2018exercise fuel,\u2019 this may result in citrulline delaying time to exhaustion in aerobic and anaerobic exercise.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Sometimes called the \"grandfather\u201d of dietary supplements, creatine is, along with caffeine, one of the most extensively studied dietary compounds. Certainly, it is the most well-studied ergogenic aid. Generally speaking, the extensive amount of data on creatine demonstrates that it positively contributes to dilation of the vasculature, plasma-nutrient mobilization, post-workout nitrogen retention and protein synthesis, along with dose-dependently increasing contractile force through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) provision (i.e., it helps support increased strength).
If the human body could be considered a bank account, then ATP would be the currency, and every cellular process would be like spending a little money from that account. Without making a deposit, the account runs dry (fatigue). Unfortunately, making a direct deposit to that account in the form of exogenous adenosine triphosphate is impossible, given that ATP itself is incredibly unstable. The use of supplemental creatine, however, is analogous to making a deposit in the body\u2019s energy bank, given that creatine is eventually metabolized to ATP via several steps. In skeletal muscle, creatine is first phosphorylated into its primary derivative, known as phosphocreatine (PCr), by the muscle-specific creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB (muscle-brain). Following the phosphorylation of creatine, phosphocreatine may then anaerobically donate a phosphate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form the ATP required during the initial stages of intense muscular contraction. The result is not only an increase in contractile force, but also an increase in potential type IIx (\u2018fast-twitch\u2019) muscle recruitment \u2013 the type of muscle fibers which are not only traditionally associated with speed, strength, and impressive physiques, but which are also unsurprisingly the most energy-demanding fiber types. Literally speaking, creatine contributes to the building of muscle.
Both through the ATP provision just described, as well as effects on nutrient mobilization, protein-sparing, and fluid dynamics, creatine has been consistently demonstrated to increase both lean mass and muscle mass in clinical data. In the short-term, these effects are most likely the result of extra-cellular fluid retention normally associated with exogenous creatine use. In the long term, these effects are likely attributable to creatine\u2019s collective effect on muscle metabolism. The most recent research on creatine suggests it exerts direct effects on muscle metabolism, including altering the expression of genes responsible for ribosomal assembly, attenuating the breakdown of leucine, and most famously, by expanding cell volume. Cutting through the jargon, let us just say that the amount of creatine monohydrate contained in Core FURY simply works: these servings have been shown time and again to significantly increase lean body mass and muscle volume, lower fatigue, and improve performance (measured in several ways). <\/SPAN><\/P>
Betaine (trimethyl glycine) is found naturally in most living organisms. It is well known to protect non-mammalian animal life in conditions of osmotic stress (a rapid change in the amount of solute surrounding a cell), in addition to functioning as an osmolyte in mammalian (including human) tissues. Betaine is formed in cells as an oxidation product of choline and can be obtained in the diet from foods such as spinach and beets.
Though data on betaine is limited, and recent, the available literature suggests that this compound may have effects in a few areas. Studies on betaine using servings as little as 1.25g\/day and up to 5g\/day for up to 14 days have shown promising results. In one study, a 2.5g\/day serving was found to enhance endurance and total repetition volume for the squat, bench press, and jump squat in in healthy-exercised trained adults. A similar study using the same serving found that betaine use increased peak power and maximum peak power, along with force and the maintenance of both force and power in healthy, exercise-trained subjects.
Perhaps more interesting, however, is a study which examined betaine\u2019s effect on the endocrine system. This study revealed that betaine may exert an effect on several endocrine processes given the proper conditions, causing the authors to hypothesize that long(er) term betaine supplementation may increase the hypertrophic response to resistance training. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Glycerol is a fascinating and highly useful compound that has achieved a somewhat cult status in the fitness community \u2013 while both peer-reviewed research and anecdotal reports centered on the endurance functions of glycerol are plentiful, its bodybuilding applications are not as widely lauded. Those who do use glycerol, however, are persistent in their belief that it provides some of the most noticeable, and effective, engorging (\"pump\u201d) effects possible.
Glycerol has been well-established as a so-called, \"hyperhydrating agent\u201d because of its ability to potently and positively affect plasma (blood) osmolality. As an incredibly powerful osmotic agent, and when combined with large quantities of water, glycerol induces the intracellular retention of fluid (not the extracellular kind, you do not want) that would otherwise be renally excreted. Various research has shown that glycerol\u2019s capacity to positively affect osmolality and expand fluid volume (an increase in total body water) has beneficial effects on performance and physiologic function.
Studies that administered glycerol before both moderate and high endurance fitness tests found that glycerol reduced increases to core temperature, caused athletes to exercise significantly longer before fatigue, reduced urinary elimination of water and increased total body water content, and, in several studies, significantly improved intramuscular water expansion. In less complex terms, this means glycerol has been demonstrated to keep your muscles hydrated, significantly increase the ever-desired, \"pump effect\u201d of muscle engorgement, and, maybe most importantly when it comes to a supplement formulation, deliver and keep more nutrients where they are needed (inside the muscle).
Until recently, however, most of these studies noted a significant drawback: the low glycerol concentration of market-available glycerol products forced researchers to test glycerol loads that were significantly higher than average use cases. Core FURY uses GlycerSize\u2122 to overcome precisely this problem.
GlycerSize® is a highly-concentrated (65%) form of glycerol that offers greater water stability, and therefore potency, as compared to standard GMS (glycerol monostearate). Of particular interest to bodybuilders, GlycerSize\u2019s greater potency translates to even greater levels of intramuscular water retention \u2013 keyword, intramuscular, and therefore no bloat \u2013 over GMS. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Tyrosine is amongst a class of amino acids known as \u2018non-essential\u2019 amino acids, so called because the body can produce them endogenously, and it is therefore not essential to consume dietary tyrosine. That said, tyrosine is also what is known as a conditionally-essential amino acid; conditionally-essential because, along with glucose and ammonia, the synthesis of tyrosine additionally requires adequate levels of phenylalanine. Once synthesized, tyrosine is one of the most critical amino acids, given its prominent role as a substrate in the synthesis of the catecholamines dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, in addition to both T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) thyroid hormones.
In studies on stress modulation, tyrosine has been demonstrated to reverse stress-induced norepinephrine depletion and the depressant-behavioral effects normally associated with it. In simpler terms, tyrosine may, in certain conditions, dampen the extent to which norepinephrine is removed from the bloodstream during a stress event. In simpler terms still, tyrosine may help to mitigate the sense of depletion and fatigue felt at the end of a workout.
Tyrosine may also play important metabolic functions, mostly related to its role in synthesizing compounds which stimulate the nervous system. While not traditionally considered a sympathomimetic amine, studies which have coadministered tyrosine and stimulants demonstrate a synergistic effect. These studies suggest that tyrosine may potentiate the effects of both endogenous and supplemental norepinephrine and its mimetics (in the case of exogenous use) with respect to lipolysis, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. Meaning that tyrosine may play a role in assisting norepinephrine to break up triglycerides and increase body heat transiently.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed, and perhaps one of the most reviewed, psychoactive compounds. Its physiological effects in a range of areas have been well-documented, including exercise performance, information processing, alertness and mood enhancement, attention, and awareness, along with its anti-lipogenic and lipolytic abilities.
Most importantly to Core FURY, caffeine has been shown to have significant effects on exercise performance, even with ingestion in servings as small 3 to 9mg\/kg\/bw\/day (the equivalent of 2 cups of standard coffee, for a 170lb male). In endurance training, possible explanations for caffeine\u2019s performance-enhancing effects lie in its metabolic effects on both lean and fat tissue. It is suggested that caffeine\u2019s potent lipolytic (the breakdown of fat tissue into fatty acids) and oxidative (the actual \u2018burning\u2019 of fat) action allow the body to utilize these sources during prolonged submaximal exercise. As a consequence, muscle glycogen is spared and available for use later in the training session. Practically speaking, this means caffeine is forcing your body to preferentially use fat tissue as a fuel source, while sparing the glycogen which gives you the full-bodied look!
In short-term exercise, caffeine\u2019s demonstrated role in the inhibition of cyclic AMP- phosphodiesterases (PDE), adenosine receptor antagonism, and adrenoreceptor agonism come into play. These three pathways collectively stimulate lipolytic activity, boost fat metabolism, increase metabolic rate and energy expenditure, and regulate the body\u2019s thermogenic activity. The practical results of activating these pathways are increases to the contractile force of both cardiac and skeletal muscle (harder flexion), an increase in energy expenditure (freeing up more caloric energy to be used in contraction), dilation of vasculature (better blood flow), and improvements to both nitrogen retention and skeletal muscle protein synthesis (key components to muscle building).
In Core FURY, we have included a per-serving amount of caffeine that is neither excessive, nor arbitrary, but that instead reflects the servings used in clinical research.<\/SPAN><\/P>
VasoDrive-AP is a proprietary ingredient derived from fermented casein. The fermentation process produces two lactotripeptides, Valyl-Prolyl-Proline (VPP) and Isoleucyl-Prolyl-Proline(IPP). Based on the available clinical evidence, these tri-peptides work together to reduce angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).
In a recent meta-analysis researchers found 30 studies \u2013 all of which were randomized and some of which were double-blind \u2013 wherein Valyl-Prolyl-Proline (VPP) and Isoleucyl-Prolyl-Proline (IPP), either alone or in combination, exerted a statistically significant effect on improving endothelial function. In one of the analyzed studies, 25 men were challenged with casein hydrolysate standardized for tri-peptides in a randomized and placebo-controlled design. At the conclusion of the study, forearm bloodflow, a key measure of endothelial function, was found to be increased by 33%. The researchers in this and other studies demonstrate that the tri-pepdtides that constitute VasoDrive AP exert an inhibitory effect on ACE. ACE, in turn, is a critical component of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) system, which regulates hemodynamics by controlling plasma fluid volume. While the precise mechanism has not been elucidated, researchers believe that the lactotripeptides in VasoDrive AP competitively inhibit ACE, thus decreasing the metabolism of bradykinin and systematically dilating the arteries and veins. <\/SPAN><\/P>
Choline is an essential nutrient involved in numerous metabolic pathways, including DNA regulation and repair, protein function, and metabolism. Perhaps most importantly, the critical neurotransmitter acetylcholine is produced directly from free choline via cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine is then responsible for several functions itself, most crucially as the compound which induces muscular contraction, and as the neuromodulator partially responsible for modulating risk\/reward, arousal, and enhancing memory.
Choline\u2019s essential role as a substrate for acetylcholine, and therefore brain development, is well documented in animal models. These studies demonstrate that levels of free maternal choline have a direct and fundamental impact on prenatal brain development, with the enhancements or deficits lasting into adulthood. Choline\u2019s enhancing effect is particularly prominent in the hippocampus. In humans, the hippocampus is primarily involved in the consolidation of memory (taking short, episodic memory and translating it into long-term memory) and the learning of new information. Acetylcholine is a critical component in these processes, as mentioned above, and choline may therefore play a potential role in these processes as well by providing the substrate for acetylcholine synthesis.
Tartaric acid occurs naturally in the food source, while its salt derivatives (tartrate, for example) have been used as acidulants, antioxidant synergists, buffers and sequestrants. As free base choline is rapidly destroyed in metabolism, attaching a salt to enhance absorption is necessary. The bitartrate salt addition preserves choline from being destroyed during metabolism.
CDP-choline, or citicholine, is a cytidine molecule bound to a choline molecule via two phosphate groups (hence the diphosphocholine). The principal difference between standard choline supplementation as, say, choline bitartrate, and citicholine, is that citicholine is a cytidine supplier in addition. The combination of cytidine and choline in a single-source confers not only the direct effects of each ingredient on cognition and memory \u2013 but also factors significantly into choline biosynthesis.<\/SPAN><\/P>
Huperzia serrata is a compound found in the plant families of Huperziaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Selaginella.and is endemic to China. The Lycopodium alkaloid Huperizin-A, found in Core FURY, was first isolated from a folk medicinal preparation in 1984.
Due to the potent anticholinesterase activities of Huperzine A, the compound was been evaluated in numerous in vitro, in vivo, and human trials. These data suggest that Huperzine\u2019s Ache activities are most potent in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum (at least in rats) \u2013 key regions in the brain responsible for forming, coordinating, and recalling memory. These effects are assisted by Huperzine A\u2019s high oral bioavailability. Studies using microdialysis technique in rats, for example, showed that the response to Huperzine A was dose-dependent and substantially lowered the level of ACh in cortex.
Huperzine A has also shown promise in humans. In a study on memory and learning performance, 34 pairs of middle school students complaining of memory inadequacy were given a small dose of Huperzine A. The students were then match paired along a number of vectors and provided tests on working memory. The results of this study exhibited that HupA markedly improved the memory function of adolescent students<\/SPAN><\/P>
Pregnenolone, or pregn-5-en-3\u00df-ol-20-one, is known as the grandmother hormone due to its precursor role in the endogenous biosynthesis of most steroid hormones. Pregnenolone also has potent intrinsic activity, however, functioning as a neurosteroid. In that capacity, pregnenolone has been investigated as a mechanistically novel agent for treating cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with schizophrenia and other mood disorders.
Pregnenolone has been demonstrated to enhance learning and memory in animal models at physiologically relevant concentrations. For example, acute administration of pregnenolone or pregnenolone sulfate to rodents results in increased performance along several standardized tests \u2013 including maze tests given to rodents to test working memory. Additionally, pregnenolone appears to prevent learning and memory deficits induced by NDMA receptor agonists. These results suggest that pregnenolone\u2019s cognitive functions are at least partially explained by modulating the NMDA receptors \u2013 critical receptors involved in numerous neurological processes. <\/SPAN><\/P><\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/DIV>
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